Ultrasound assisted direct transesterification of algae for biodiesel production: Analysis of emission characteristics
Journal Title: Carbon - Science and Technology - Year 2014, Vol 6, Issue 2
Abstract
Recently, the algae-for-fuel concept has gained renewed interest with energy prices fluctuating widely. Due to some restrictions over the oil extraction from algae, direct transesterification may be considered as a good alternative. In this study, to improve the performance of direct transesterification, ultrasound induction was carried out. A sonicator probe was used to induce the direct transesterification of Cladophora fracta, a freshwater macro alga, which contains 14 % lipid on dry biomass basis. Due to ultrasonication about 25 % increased biodiesel yields were obtained and the biodiesel thus prepared was analyzed for emission characteristics. The analysis results showed that Cladophora biodiesel emits 18 mg/L of CO whereas petroleum diesel emits 50 mg/L. Similarly, the emission of NOx and particulate matter also were reduced to a considerable level. The Cladophora is a suitable source of biodiesel by ultrasound assisted direct transesterification in industrial level in the future.
Authors and Affiliations
Namasivayam Manickam, Nivetha Elumalai Selvamani, and Gopinath K. P.
Keywords
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