A CADAVERIC STUDY OF VARIATIONS IN THE UROLOGICAL SYSTEM
Journal Title: International Journal of Anatomy and Research - Year 2018, Vol 6, Issue 3
Abstract
Introduction: Knowledge of anatomical variations of the urinary system is important for urological surgeries involving renal transplant and radiological interpretations. When urologists and clinicians have a sound knowledge of anatomical variations, it eases management, surgical interventions and helps to reduce complications. Advanced imaging technology is the boon for the patients requiring minimally invasive approaches for various kidney disorders. These approaches require precise knowledge of normal and variant anatomy of the kidneys, ureters and vascular structures at the hilum of the kidney. Therefore, the objective of this study was to furnish the clinicians with the major anatomical variations of urological system. Method: Ninety adult human cadavers were examined for number, shape and position of kidneys and the ureters over a period of 5 years. Out of these, 85 were males and 15 were female cadavers. Results: Kidneys were bilaterally present in all the cadavers. Hypoplastic kidneys were seen bilaterally in 3.3% cadavers. Out of 90 cadavers, 3 showed bilateral and 6 showed unilateral lobulated kidneys. 2 cadavers showed unilateral (1 L, 1 R) incomplete double ureter. One showed bilateral and 5 showed unilateral accessory renal artery amongst 90 cadavers. Ectopic kidney was seen in one cadaver. Conclusions: Morphological variations in the kidney are very common and are clinically important for urosurgeons.
STUDY OF BRACHIALIS MUSCLE: ADDITIONAL SLIP AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Background: Brachialis is a muscle of anterior compartment of arm. It has two heads. Superficial head inserting into ulnar tuberosity innervated by musculocutaneous nerve, the deep head inserts into coronoid process of u...
CLINICAL CORRELATION OF NUTRIENT FORAMEN OF DRY HUMAN ULNA BONES IN JAMMU REGION
Background: The nutrient foramen of Human ulna bone is on the anterior surface of shaft of ulna almost proximal to the mid point and is directed upwards. Nutrient foramen permits the passage of the branch of anterior int...
VARIANT PATTERNS OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS – A CADAVERIC STUDY IN NORTH INDIAN POPULATION
Background: The brachial plexus is constituted by the ventral rami of C5-T1 spinal nerves. It forms a network of terminal nerves that innervate the upper limb. Variations of brachial plexus are common and a better awaren...
ANATOMICAL STUDY OF ORIGIN OF SINOATRIAL NODAL ARTERY IN HUMAN CADAVERIC HEARTS
Introduction: Sinoatrial Nodal artery is an artery which supplies the sinoatrial node, the natural pacemaker center of the heart, usually a branch of right coronary artery but also from left coronary artery in variable p...
THE PREDICTIVE ROLE OF PERCUTANEOUS HAND LENGTH IN STATURE ESTIMATION OF AN ADULT NIGERIAN POPULATION
Background: Anthropometry of the living, historically recognized as being an essential element of physical anthropology because of its role in classifying the biological characteristics of humans is being re-evaluated fo...