A study of clinical and haematological profile of paediatric patient with protein energy malnutrition
Journal Title: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RECENT TRENDS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - Year 2017, Vol 21, Issue 3
Abstract
Introduction: Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), is defined as a spectrum of diseases arising as a result of an absolute, or relative deficiency of calories and or protein in the diet Aims and Objectives: To Study Clinical and Haematological Profile of Paediatric patient with Protein energy malnutrition. Material and Methods: After approval from Institutional ethical committee a cross-sectional study of Malnutrition in less than six year children was carried out in one Year from January 2015 to January 2016 at Department of Paediatrics of a tertiary health care centre. As per the WHO Charts total 49 patients found to be Malnourished. These patients investigated for various Haematological parameters like Hb., MCV and MCHC etc. Details of clinical history and examination was done. All the Children above the 6yrs of Age were excluded from study. The Statistical analysis done by Chi -Square test and ANOVA test calculated by SPSS 17 software. Result: The majority of the Patients were in the age group of 4-5 i.e. 42.86 % followed by 2-3 i.e. 18.37 %, in 3-4 and 5-6 Yrs. i.e. 12.24%, and in <1 Yrs. Were 10.20% and in 1-2 Yrs. Were 4.08%. The majority of the Patients were Males i.e. 67.35 % followed by Females 32.65 %. Out of Total Grade I Malnourished Children 33.37% were Anaemic, in Grade II 68.97% were Anaemic and 90.90% Grade III Malnourished Patients were Anaemic. This increasing trend was Statistically Significant. ( P=0.02*, df=2, X2 = 7.546). The MCV (Mean ¬±SD) was 71.71 ± 7.28, 69.34± 7.23 and 65.23 ± 6.8 respectively in Grade I, Grade II, Grade III Malnutrition. This decrease in MCV was statistically significant (One way ANOVA, P<0.05* ).The MCHC (Mean ¬±SD) was 23.61 ± 2.8, 21.87± 1.9 and 20. 56 ± 2. respectively in Grade I, Grade II, Grade III Malnutrition. This decrease in MCV was statistically significant (One way ANOVA, P<0.05*). Majority of the Patients showed Increased frequency of URTI/ LRTI (last 1 Yrs.) in 65.31 % Children, Increased frequency of Diarrheal diseases (last 1 Yrs.) 59.18%, Pallor present in 36.73%. Conclusion: It can concluded from our study that as the Grade of Malnutrition increases the prevalence of anaemia in children also increases and the haematological profile shows mostly iron deficiency anaemia. The most common clinical features observed were Increased frequency of URTI/ LRTI and Diarrheal diseases (in last 1 Yrs.).
Authors and Affiliations
Suhas P Kulkarni, Devyani Kulkarni, Anil Warma
Keywords
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