A study of the pattern of urinary sodium excretion in patients of essential hypertension versus normotensives A hospital based cross sectional study.
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) - Year 2018, Vol 17, Issue 11
Abstract
Introduction: One of the major modifiable risk factors for development of cardiovascular disease is hypertension(1) . Complications of hypertension account for 9.4 million deaths worldwide every year. Hypertension is responsible for at least 45% of deaths due to heart disease , and 51% of deaths due to stroke. Slight elevations in blood pressure are associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.There are multiple mechanism that have been proposed for the development of essential hypertension. One of the mechanisms being retention of salt in the body during day. High salt consumption and retention contributes to the development of hypertension and is considered an independent risk factor for vascular remodelling, cardiac hypertrophy, and stroke. Objectives: Primary: The objective of this study was to examine the associations of essential hypertension with the pattern of urinary sodium excretion and comparison of the results with those from the normotensive subjects. Secondary: The study further quantified the variations and related them with the severity of hypertension Materials and methods: The study was a hospital based cross sectional observational studyconducted over a period of two years.The study group consisted of two subsets, the patients of essential hypertension(according to JNC 7 criteria) where all the other potential causes of secondary hypertension were excluded by detailed investigations and the normotensive group which consisted of volunteers selected randomly. Study participants provided three carefully timed 8-hour urine collections divided into 6am-2pm, 2pm-10pm and 10pm-6am periods which were analysed for Urinary Sodium levels. Results: Our study enrolled a total of 100 participants. Half of them suffered from essential hypertension and the other half formed the normal controls.The mean age of the patients in hypertensive group (47.5±9.45) was comparable to that in the normotensive group (48.3±8.37). Among the hypertensive patients, almost the half (22) had nocturnal sodium excretion (10 p.m- 6 a.m) exceeding that of the other 8 hour intervals. It was also found that the sodium under extraction occurred during daytime(more pronounced in 6 a.m to 2 p.m shift) in hypertensive patients as compared to the normotensive patients. Conclusion: Our results were in accordance with the theory that the hypertensive patients lose their circadian rhythm of urinary sodium excretion and this tool, though cumbersome, can be used to identify patients who have high nocturnal Blood Pressure, and are thus amenable to more organ damage.’
Authors and Affiliations
Masood Tanvir, Najeeb Rasool, Khawar Khan, Sabhiya Majid
Keywords
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- EP ID EP416528
- DOI 10.9790/0853-1711102428.
- Views 88
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