A Study on Environmental Factors and Comorbid Conditions Associated with Obesity in 5–15 Years Age Group
Journal Title: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 10
Abstract
Background: Obesity among children is emerging as one of the most serious public health concerns in the recent times. The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide over the past three decades. Obesity affects nearly every organ system and often causes serious comorbid disease entities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, dysglycemia, fatty liver disease, and psychosocial problems in children. The options of pharmacotherapy as a treatment choice of pediatric obesity are very limited. Hence, establishing a comprehensive management program that emphasizes appropriate nutrition, exercise, and behavioral modification are essential. Role of a pediatrician should expand beyond his clinical setting to the community to educate both the children and their parents for prevention and early treatment of obesity. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to study the environmental factors and comorbid conditions obesity in the pediatric age group. Materials and Methods: Children aged between 5 and 15 years with obesity were included in the study environmental factors and comorbid conditions were observed and analyzed. All the parents of the children were in eliciting the clinical history and demographic details. All the children were subjected to necessary laboratory tests and ultrasound examinations to understand the base line health status and screen them for underlying comorbid conditions. Wherever clinical features of comorbid conditions are present further investigations were done to get a final diagnosis and treat the children. All the data were anise using standard statistical methods. Observations and Results: A total of 36054 children registered in the outpatient department of the hospital during the study period of 2 years. Children aged between 5 and 15 years were 3812 (10.57%); children aged between 5 and 10 were 2147 (56.32%), and 1665 were aged between 10 and 15 years (43.67%). 131 (3.43%) children among the 3812 were identified to be obese according to the Indian Academy of Pediatrics 2015 growth charts. Among the 131 children 69 (52.67%) were in the age group of 5–10 years and the remaining 62 (47.32%) in the age group of 10–15 years. There were 66 (50.38%) females and 65 were males (49.61%). The overall mean age (5–15 years) was 08.22 ± 2.4. The mean age of children aged between 5 and 10 years was 7.10 ± 1.75. The mean age of children aged between 10 and 15 years was 12.87 ± 2.68. Among the males, the mean age was 08.50 ± 2.1 and 09.20 ± 1.8 in females. 42/131 (35.11%) children were found to have comorbid conditions more than one comorbid disease was observed in the children of this study group. Males were 25 (59.52%) and females were 17 (40.47%). Psychiatric illnesses were observed in 20/42 children (47.61%) and sleep apnea in 05/42 (11.90%). Other comorbid conditions were hypertension in 15 (35.71%), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in 2 (4.76%), renal dysfunction in 5 (11.90%), asthma in 19 (45.23%), diabetes mellitus in 4 (09.52%), and thyroid dysfunction in 2 (4.76%) children. Dyslipidemia was observed in 02 (4.76%) and musculoskeletal disorders in 6 (14.28%) children. Conclusions: Obesity constitutes a complex multifactorial disease associated with a wide spectrum of comorbidities due to a deleterious adipose tissue related metabolic profile and increased physical burdens imposed on various body sites. The common comorbidities were hypertension, sleep apnea, eating disorders, and psychiatric diseases. Even in children who are metabolically healthy multiple parameters and the risk of long-term adverse outcomes such as risk of CVD, osteoarthritis, disability, and psychological comorbidity need to be considered.
Authors and Affiliations
Riyas Chungathu, G Shrinath
Keywords
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