Acromegaly and cardiovascular diseases
Journal Title: Postępy Nauk Medycznych - Year 2012, Vol 25, Issue 11
Abstract
Acromegaly is a severe chronic endocrine disease, caused by growth hormone (GH) overproduction. It leads to disfiguring changes in patient’s appearance and, what is even more important, to numerous systemic complications. Nowadays, acromegaly could be completely cured or successfully controlled in most patients thanks to important advances in surgical and pharmacological treatment of the disease. Despite that mortality rate, especially due to cardiovascular diseases is still significantly higher than in general population. Late diagnosis is the main reason of the increased mortality as it represents a prolonged exposition to high concentrations of GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Acromegalic cardiomyopathy is the most frequent cardiovascular complication. That is a specific biventricular hypertrophy with diastolic dysfunction, impaired systolic performance during exercise and finally leading to congestive heart failure. Concurrently other complications arise, such as arrhytmias, valvular and coronal disease. Additionally acromegalics have an increased prevalence of some important cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism and dyslipidemia. Endothelial dysfunction and premature atherosclerosis were also reported. Effective treatment could stop or even reverse many of cardiovascular complications, so it is recommended to treat patients possibly early and to control the disease well. Each patient with acromegaly should undergo cardiovascular screening and proper treatment if required.
Authors and Affiliations
Izabella Czajka-Oraniec, Wojciech Zgliczyński
Keywords
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