Agro-morphological variability in fourteen bambara groundnut (Vigna
Journal Title: Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences - Year 2015, Vol 3, Issue 9
Abstract
Abstract: Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) is an indigenous grain legume that is adapted to a wide range of conditions and it is mainly grown by subsistence women farmers on a small scale, in pure culture without improved techniques. Bambara groundnut ranks third amongst tropical grain legumes in terms of production and consumption after groundnut (Arachis hypognea) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.). The valorization of this culture is one of the best alternatives to ensure food security for populations facing declining production of food crops such as millet, sorghum or wheat. To achieve this goal, a better knowledge of the genetic diversity of this culture is more than necessary. The objective of this study was to investigate the agro-morphological characteristics of fourteen (14) Bambara groundnut morphotypes collected from the accessions that originated from Niger. The study was conducted on an experimental plot at Tara (Gaya Region) in the Sudanese agro-climatic area of the country. The trial was set up according to a randomized complete block design with four replications. Eighteen parameters were used to identify the morphotypes. The descriptive statistical analysis showed that the coefficients of variation ranging from 0% (color of the terminal leaflet, Shape of the terminal leaflet, Number of flower per flower stalk and Number of stem per plant) to 59.6% (number of pods per plant). Significantly higher values were observed (CV> 20%) to seven (7) of eighteen (18) analyzed parameters. The agromorphological characterization revealed that there is some significant mean differences between the morphotypes in terms of growth and development parameters (plant height and plants diameter) and yield components (pod weight/ plant, seeds weight / plant and number of pods /plant). The morphotypes, Ne-03, Ne- 04, Ne- 08, Ne-10 and Ne-12, showed the greatest performance for pod weight, seeds weight and number of pods /plant and its can be consider for selection for high yield per plant. The majority of correlations were significant (r > 0.32). This matrix showed that the most significant correlations were observed between the grain yield, pod weight, number of pods per plant, plant diameter and plant height. Our study indicated that the Grain yield per plant was positively correlated with the pod weight (r = 0, 99*) per plant, number of pods per plant (r = 0,82*), number of leafs per plant (r = 0,64*), plant height and plant diameter (r = 0,63*). Keywords: Vigna subterranea, diversity, agromorphological, morphotypes, Niger
Authors and Affiliations
Amadou . , Doumma . , AM Zoubeirou, SSM Nourou
Keywords
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