Analysis of Phytochemical and Antibacterial Activity of Carissa spinarum Linn Crude Extracts
Journal Title: European Journal of Medicinal Plants - Year 2014, Vol 4, Issue 8
Abstract
Aims: To screen for the antibacterial activity of Carissa spinarum L. crude extracts against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemicals that are responsible for the bioactivity were also screened. Study Design: In vitro assay of antibacterial properties. Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from Samunge village at Loliondo in Ngorongoro district located in northern Tanzania. Extraction and phytochemical analyses were conducted at the Department of Traditional Medicine of the National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Antimicrobial bioassay was carried out at Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology at the University of Dar-es-Salaam between March 2013 and June 2013. Methodology: Disk diffusion test was used to determine antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts. Chemical tests were used to determine the group of phytochemicals present in the sample extracts. Results: Sensitivity testing results indicated that S. aureus was found to be more sensitive than E. coli. Carissa spinarum L. methanolic extracts were the most active constituents and demonstrated the zone of inhibition values of 11.66±0.42 mm and 13.33±1.53 mm in diameter against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. The highest percentage values of relative inhibition zone diameter of 57.24% (E. coli) and 70.17% (S. aureus) were demonstrated by C. spinarum L. root methanolic extracts. In contrast, C. spinarum L. bark extracts did not show any antibacterial activity against the two bacterial species. Plant extracts demonstrated the minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 312 to 5000 μg/ml. Phytochemical screening of crude extracts revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and sterols. The presence of these phytochemicals in the extracts was linked with observed antibacterial activity. Conclusion: This study has revealed that the antibacterial activity of different extracts of C. spinarum L. was attributed to the presence of several phytochemicals. The study findings suggest likelihood of designing and developing potentially active antibacterial agents from C. spinarum L.
Authors and Affiliations
Clarence Rubaka, Patrick Ndakidemi, Hamisi Malebo, Francis Shahada
Phytochemical Study of a Species with Ethnopharmacological Interest: Sideritis romana L.
The phytochemical analysis of Sideritis romana L., a species largely used as a traditional remedy, led to the isolation and the identification of several acetylated flavonoid glycosides with apigenin, luteolin, hypolaeti...
Antimicrobial Activity of Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Lamiaceae, a Medicinal Plant from Tanzania
Aims: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Tetradenia riparia crude extracts against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcuss faecalis. The phytochemicals that are responsible for the bioactivity we...
Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Methanolic Extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Wistar Rats
Aims: This study is to provide scientific basis for the folkloric use of Sphenocentrum jollyannum roots in the management and/control of Diabetes mellitus. The effects of the extract on blood glucose level and serum lipi...
Antifungal and Cytotoxicity Activity of Plants Used as Herbal Teas in Tanzania
Aim: The current study was designed to determine antifungal and cytotoxicity activity of Rhus vulgaris, Sphaeranthus bullatus, Osyris lanceolata, Ocimum gratissimum, Cymbopogon citratus, Acacia nilotica and Ty...
Cytotoxicity of Various Fractions of Compounds Extracted from Yoyo Bitters on Human Cervical Cancer Cells
Aims: To investigate cytotoxicity of pure fractions of compounds extracted from yoyo bitters on human cervical cancer cell and to characterize the compounds present in various extracts. Study Design: Experimental Study...