Antibiotic Resistance in Environment and its Public Health Risks in Iran
Journal Title: Journal of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development - Year 2017, Vol 2, Issue 4
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO), in its June 2014 report announced antibiotic resistance as one of the major challenges of the current century 1. Antibiotic resistance is responsible for the death of millions of people worldwide 2. These factors impose a heavy financial pressure on governments and individuals. Numerous reports by researchers around the world indicate that antibiotic resistance is expanding rapidly 3. While expressing a serious concern, WHO has warned the risk of returning to the era before the discovery of antibiotics 1. Antibiotic resistance is a multi-aspect issue; in other words, it has engaged not only the medical treatment sectors, but also all parts of the environment (water, wastewater, air, and soil), agriculture, and animal husbandry. Many researchers believe that antibiotic resistance, especially the one produced in medical environments, would find a way to enter other parts of the society and cause an antibiotic resistance cycle within the society 4. For example, studies have proved that antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes enter the environment through the produced wastewater, consequently wastewater treatment plants are the only controlling barriers within the environment. Wastewater treatment facilities not only are unable to remove these factors (agents), but also have a synergistic effect on them 5. Furthermore, removal of these factors requires advanced treatment processes and necessitates spending long periods of time, especially in developing countries.
Authors and Affiliations
Rahim Aali, Reza Ghanbari
Keywords
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