Intraperitoneal Injection of Clodronate Liposomes Eliminates Visceral Adipose Macrophages and Blocks High-fat Diet-induced Weight Gain and Development of Insulin Resistance

Macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue is strongly correlated with obesity. The exact role of macrophage in the development of obesity, however, has not been fully understood. In this study, using intraperitoneal inje...

Mechanisms of aggregate formation and carbohydrate excipient stabilization of lyophilized humanized monoclonal antibody formulations

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms of aggregate formation and excipient stabilization in freeze-dried formulations of a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody. Protein degradation was measured us...

Reaction Phenotyping: Current Industry Efforts to Identify Enzymes Responsible for Metabolizing Drug Candidates

Reaction phenotyping studies to identify specific enzymes involved in the metabolism of drug candidates are increasingly important in drug discovery efforts. Experimental approaches used for CYP reaction phenotyping incl...

Population-Based Mechanistic Prediction of Oral Drug Absorption

The bioavailability of drugs from oral formulations is influenced by many physiological factors including gastrointestinal fluid composition, pH and dynamics, transit and motility, and metabolism and transport, each of w...

Which concentration of the inhibitor should be used to predict in vivo drug interactions from in vitro data?