Combination of Radiation Therapy and Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Melanoma
Journal Title: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Care - Year 2016, Vol 2, Issue 4
Abstract
Melanoma is considered to be a very aggressive cancer due to its rapid growth, early and multiple metastases and limited response to standard treatment. Many researchers have hypothesized that the combination of radiation therapy and immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma primary tumors and metastases improves the efficiency of these methods as compared to their use separately. Therefore, combined therapy is an increasingly popular topic in radiation oncology. Although the mechanism of immune response to ionizing radiation remains unclear, known are the factors involved in the immune response, including NK and CD8(+) T cells. Many studies have demonstrated the importance of inflammatory factors, primarily cytokines, in the response to ionizing radiation. In turn, many cytokines released in an irradiated organ, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukins IL1 and IL6 and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), can induce the production of significant amounts of reactive oxygen species that are associated with the induction of DNA damage in tumor cells. In relation to anticancer immunotherapy, the clinical data obtained to date can encourage future studies combining radiation therapy and the inhibitors of cell division checkpoints in the treatment of advanced melanoma. In a recent study, melanoma cell lines became more sensitive to radiation after BRAF inhibition, which provides a potential synergistic mechanism of BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) combined with radiation therapy for better effects of treatment. In this article, we present a systematic review of the literature on the use of the combination of radiation therapy and immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma.
Authors and Affiliations
Sylwia Szablewska, Magdalena Adamczak-Sobczak
Using The RE-AIM Framework to Evaluate A Community-Based Smoke Alarm Installation Program
We used the five dimensions of the RE-AIM model to evaluate a smoke alarm (SA) installation program called Operation Installation (OI), which was implemented in 36 high risk census tracts in Dallas, TX, from 2001-2011. M...
Trends of Diabetes in Children and Adolescents in Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic and Clinical Pediatric Diabetes Center at Al Baha Central Hospital in Saudi Arabia
Objectives This study describes and compares the epidemiological criteria of children with diabetes from 2007 to 2014. Methods A prospective study conducted with 372 children with diabetes mellitus. An access program wa...
Social Work in Psychosocial Crises: Analysis of a Voluntary Psychosocial Counseling Program to Close a Supply Gap in Psychosocial Therapy
Background: People suffering from acute psychosocial crises often require immediate help. To supplement existing institutions and services, a counseling program (“Hel.p”) was founded; this study evaluates that program f...
Effect of Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation on Statin-Induced Myalgia, A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Objective: Statins are highly effective medications for reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and cardiovascular events. Their most common side effects are a variety of myopathic complaints, possib...
Increased Level of Lactate Dehydrogenase Correlates with Disease Growth in Algerian Children with Lymphoma
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relation of Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels with stage of the disease and it role in monitoring tumor response to therapy in lymphoma patients. Methods. LDH levels were e...