Comparison of the free and total light chain assays in serum and urine samples with immunofixation electrophoresis, for detecting monoclonal proteins in patients with monoclonal gammopathy
Journal Title: Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences - Year 2014, Vol 27, Issue 3
Abstract
Monoclonal protein (M-protein) is produced by a malignant clone of plasma cells. Detected in serum and/or urine, this typically indicates multiple myeloma (MM) or other monoclonal gammopathy (MG). In a majority of MM cases, with the production of intact monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig), malignant plasmocytes and/or B lymphocytes often produce excessive amounts of free light chains (FLCs). Excessive synthesis of FLCs lowers the ability of renal proximal tubules to re-absorb FLCs, which results in abnormally high levels of FLCs in the urine (Bence Jones protein, BJP). In laboratory practice, there are tests available for the quantitative measurement of only FLCs κ and λ or for total light chains (TLCs). These tests measure both free forms and bound in the (Ig) molecules forms as light chains that are evident in the serum and in urine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the FLCs and TLCs approaches in screening serum and urine samples of patients with MM, doing so in comparison to the results of immunofixation (IFE) assessment. A second purpose was to assess the suitability of the collected material for obtaining the most reliable results. The results of serum FLCs (sFLCs) assays suggest that this approach is of the highest reliability and diagnostic usefulness in the detection of MG with excess production of FLCs, in comparison to other available tests. In our work, when κ band light chains were detected in serum IFE (sIFE), 91% patients had their FLCs concentrations beyond the reference range, whereas 89% patients had increased λ FLCs when λ band light chains were detected in sIFE. We also found abnormal sFLC κ/λ ratios in 86.4% and 88.9% of all subject patients who had κ or λ band light chains detected in their sIFE, respectively.
Authors and Affiliations
Maciej Korpysz, Marta Morawska, Agata Burska, Helena Donica
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP127252
- DOI 10.1515/cipms-2015-0008
- Views 91
- Downloads 0
Organ and prenatal toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, commonly referred to as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are among the most taken pharmaceuticals. In adults, they can have a series of side effects, including...
Identification of Bacillus spp. colonizing the nasal mucosa of healthy adults living in the suburban area using the matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) system
Bacillus spp. can be regarded as a rare component of the nasal mucosa microflora. The aim of this study was to identify Bacillus spp. from the nasal mucosa of healthy adults living in the suburban area near Lublin using...
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2 ) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, and extends coronary
A serum lipid profiles high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels are established risk factors for atherosclerosis, and a powerful predictor of future myocardial infarction or cardiac death among apparently healt...
Characteristics of oral probiotics – a review
Probiotics are a group of microorganisms able to have a positive influence on a host organism when applied in adequate amounts. They are grouped either as: bacteria (mainly Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium) or fungi...
A comparison of the antioxidant properties of selected edible sprouts of the Legumes family
Germinating seeds of the Legumes family are a natural source of valuable nutrients. The aim of the study was to compare the antioxidant properties of selected edible sprouts from the Legumes family. Lentil and mung bean...