CREATION OF CARGO LANDSCAPING OF ORGANIC HOUSES FOR THE USE OF GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS
Journal Title: Біоресурси і природокористування [Biological Resources and Nature Management] - Year 2018, Vol 10, Issue 5
Abstract
Intensive chemistry of agriculture has led to a number of negative phenomena associated with the development of erosion processes, deterioration of soil structure, pollution of soils, reservoirs and agricultural products by agrochemicals, which has affected its quality. Alongside with environmental problems, the issue of providing people with benign food products is dominant. At the present stage of development of agriculture and level of food security, significant innovations in the field of alternative agriculture, preservation of natural resources and, first of all, the main means of production - the land become significant updating. At the same time, the incomplete capacity of the organic products market and almost unlimited potential for the development of ecological production create all the necessary preconditions for increasing the competitiveness of domestic producers. Ukraine has a unique opportunity to take one of the leading places among producers of organic products in terms of its natural and climatic and soil potential. However, despite the progress in the development of organic production, in Ukraine there are a number of factors that hamper its development. One of the ways to overcome the problems of organic production is the introduction of geoinformation technologies to create a single database for the registration of organic enterprises. Geoinformation systems provide high-quality work with a lot of informative data. The creation of a registration base for the production of organic crop production will significantly affect the development of agriculture as a whole, thanks to the accuracy, volume and analysis of information that the system can operate. The purpose of the study was to develop the principles for creating a register of producers of organic crop production through the use of geoinformation systems, taking into account the soil and climate resources of Ukraine. In the work, cameral research methods were used using the DIGITAL, ARCGIS, ARSMAP and ARCCATALOG software platforms. The development of the registration base for organic enterprises was carried out on the example of SAD LLC, located in the Brovarsky district of the Kiev region. The way of creating and filling the registration base of enterprises engaged in organic production was justified. The main advantage of the established base over existing ones is the simplification of the land monitoring system and the introduction of the principle of rational use of land resources to reduce environmental risk and soil degradation. Due to the ARCMAP and ARCCATALOG software platforms, which are composite ARCGIS, a specific set of tools with a raster substrate for processing a particular territorial unit was created. The electronic map of the fields gives information about the exact area of the fields of any configuration, can reflect the length of the roads and their quality, shows the location of objects in space and allows, if necessary, to navigate to any specified point in any given trajectory. There are two main ways of creating electronic maps of fields that differ in the way of applying the boundaries of fields: 1) Vectorization of the boundaries of fields in high resolution space images; 2) bypassing (bypassing) the boundaries of fields using GPS equipment and special software; 3) vectorization of borders on existing paper maps of plans for intra-farm land management. In the latter case, it should be taken into account that in addition to the traditionally poor quality of raster scanning, boundary error errors will increase due to differences in the used coordinate systems. A combination of all these methods is possible. Next, an electronic geomorphological map is created. There are several variants of its creation: digitization of the topographic basis with the obtaining of a three-dimensional digital relief map or digitization of a pre-made manually on a paper topographic basis maps of forms and relief elements. The first version is more precise and supervised, and opens up wide opportunities for automatic design, however, it is often more laborious. The second option is less accurate, but much easier to execute. Digitization of the paper original can also be done in two ways: either manually rendering the contours on a registered topographic basis or a registered scanned card, or automatically using vectorizers digitizing the contour grid scanned from the tracing paper. The basic information is formed in the process of soil-landscape mapping of lands, carried out on materials of aerial photography, topographic maps and data of special field and laboratory research. The results of the surveys are presented in a layered form in the form of electronic maps of the forms and elements of the mesorelief, slope steepness, their exposure, microrelief, soil-forming rocks, hydrogeological conditions, soil erosion, soil structure, etc. Each electronic map has a database containing the corresponding map topics for each contour. An electronic map of the microstructures of the soil cover may contain the following information: contour number; Soil Combination Index; full name of the soil combination; the ratio of soils to the SPN, the degree of complexity and contrast, the position in the geochemical landscape, the geochemical barriers, the agro-ecological parameters of soils. All electronic maps have a single coordinate system, tied to a scanned topographic scale of 1: 10000 scale. In the future, the filling of the registration base with tools necessary for processing the territories at the regional and state levels will allow the introduction of free access to the search for the necessary information for new entrepreneurs, and will also simplify the registration of land plots.
Authors and Affiliations
I. S. Kuzmenko, N. A. Makarenko
Keywords
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- EP ID EP513778
- DOI 10.31548/bio2018.05.013
- Views 122
- Downloads 0
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