Critical review of hypercalcemia
Journal Title: Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences - Year 2017, Vol 7, Issue 1
Abstract
Hypercalcemia is a clinical condition with an abnormally high serum calcium (Ca) level. Hypercalcemia is associated with many diseases with primary hyperparathyroidism and some malignancies accounting for greater than 90% of cases. Hypercalcemia may be clinically useful as a diagnostic or prognostic marker for these diseases. This paper covers the various etiologies attributing to hypercalcemia, pathogenesis and the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia is a useful diagnostic marker in hypercalcemia-related diseases such as primary hyperparathyroidism, malignancies and granulomatous disorders. Adequate managements or treatments are aimed to reduce serum Ca levels by preventing bone resorption, enhancing urinary Ca excretion, or preventing intestinal Ca absorption. The optimal choice is dependent on the cause and/or severity of hypercalcemia. Drug treatment or management of hypercalcemia include: Bisphosphonates, Gallium nitrate, Glucocorticoids and Denosumab.
Authors and Affiliations
Uchendu Ikenna Kingsley, Chidozie Elochukwu Agu, Tochi Faith Nwosu
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP642839
- DOI 10.5455/jmas.254690
- Views 70
- Downloads 0
Autologous blood transfusion in open heart surgeries under cardio-pulmonary bypass - Clinical appraisal
Autologous blood withdrawal before instituting cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) protects the platelets, preserve red cell mass and reduce allogeneic transfusion requirements. Ideal condition for autologous blood donation is...
Perceived stress in Saudi undergraduate medical students
This study aimed to assess the prevalence and magnitude of stress in Saudi undergraduate medical students and its associated socio-demographic factors using a cross-sectional design. It was conducted at King Khalid Unive...
The use of insulin for early diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary health care in Indonesia: a general practitioner’s perspective
Indonesia, one of the greatest population countries, contributes a sig-nificant increase of global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The need of insulin treatment is significantly rising as many cases do not meet t...
Effect of viral hepatitis E on maternal and fetal outcome
Viral hepatitis in pregnancy has been a subject of continuing interest. It is a major cause of enteric transmission of non A and non B hepatitis and is usually self limiting. However in pregnant women, it is more se-vere...
Noughts and crosses: The uncertain future of TB control in India
No abstract