Current Scenario of Tick-Borne Diseases in India - A Review
Journal Title: Journal of Communicable Diseases - Year 2017, Vol 49, Issue 2
Abstract
Ticks have been associated with human afflictions since time immemorial as evidenced by earlier records from many countries of the world. They are the obligatory blood-feeding arachnids and playing role as vectors for transmission of many infectious diseases in man and animal. Various wild and domestic animals are reservoir hosts for tick-borne pathogens of livestock and human hosts. In recent times, many of the newly emerging and reemerging diseases of zoonotic origin are transmitted by ticks. Tick-borne diseases are prevalent only in specific risk areas where the favorable environmental conditions exist for the individual tick species. Indian tick typhus (ITT), first recognized in 1917 in India, is caused by Rickettsia conori, earlier reported sporadically from mountainous and forested areas and now reported from many parts of the country. In India, the fatal tick-borne viral diseases, viz., Cremian Congo Hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) were caused by ticks of Hyalomma analoticum and Hemophysalis spinigera. KFD is a re-emerging disease discovered in 1957 from Shimoga district of Karnataka state; however, in recent years it has moved its territory to seven districts of the state as well as centripetally spread to neighboring Kerala, Goa and Maharashtra states which are sharing borders with the state. CCHF, an emerging disease, was first reported from Gujarat in 2011; however, in recent years cases were recorded from Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh states. There are sporadic records available for the occurrence of other tick-borne diseases, viz., relapsing fever, lyme disease, Ganjam virus disease and Q fever from various parts of the country time to time. This paper reviews the current scenario of tick-borne diseases in the country and the factors responsible for the occurrence and probable measures for prevention and appropriate control.
Authors and Affiliations
Natarajan Balakrishnan
Keywords
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