CYTOLOGIC PATTERNS OF LUNG CANCER
Journal Title: Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences - Year 2017, Vol 6, Issue 92
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world today and the most common cause of cancer death in developing countries. The symptoms of lung cancer are often subtle and the diagnosis in about 70% of cases is made when metastases have occurred. Curative surgical treatment is therefore possible only in about a third of the cases, while other patients receive chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Although clinical data, location and radiological findings can narrow down the diagnostic possibilities, a definitive diagnosis confirming lung cancer by microscopic examination is indicated before therapy. In clinically suspected cases of lung cancer, if histologic confirmation is not there, cytologic confirmation is suffice. Pulmonary cytology has reached a high level of accuracy in diagnosing various subtypes of lung carcinomas. Major types of cytological preparations for diagnosing lung cancer are sputum, pleural fluid, bronchial washing/ brushing, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and fine needle aspirations (FNAB) from lung lesion/ lymph nodes. Percutaneous CT-guided transthoracic fine needle aspiration cytology (TTFNA) is a well-established diagnostic method used in cytological evaluation. It must be emphasised that cytological diagnosis of lung cancer is a clinicopathological interpretation and correlation with clinical and radiographic findings is mandatory. The present study was conducted to assess the cytological patterns of lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive study was done to analyse the cytomorphological patterns of carcinoma lung in 50 cytologically diagnosed cases of lung carcinoma in Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Kottayam during a period of 15 months (July 2015 to October 2016). RESULTS 75% of study material was CT-guided FNA from lung lesion. Among the 50 cases of lung carcinoma studied, 28% cases were adenocarcinoma and 58% of adenocarcinoma were peripherally located. 22% cases were squamous cell carcinoma and 90% of squamous cell carcinoma were centrally located. 14%, 2%, 4% and 14% of lung cancers were contributed by small cell carcinoma, pleomorphic carcinoma, large cell carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma respectively. CONCLUSION Commonest cytomorphological subtype of lung cancer is adenocarcinoma. CT-guided FNA can be used as an investigation modality in cases of carcinoma lung, so thoracotomy for diagnostic purposes can be avoided.
Authors and Affiliations
Prabha Raj R. L, Priya P. V, Sankar S
Keywords
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- EP ID EP279293
- DOI 10.14260/jemds/2017/1436
- Views 97
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