Dengue Virus Antibodies in Patients Presenting with Pyrexia attending Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Journal Title: Saudi Journal of Pathology and Microbiology - Year 2018, Vol 3, Issue 1
Abstract
Abstract:Dengue virus (DENV) is the most common mosquito-transmitted human flavivirus worldwide, and it is well-established that DENV and Zika virus are closely related, resulting in substantial antigenic overlap. The infection is caused by any of the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes transmitted by Aedesaegypti and albopictusmosquitoes. Despite the public health relevance, data on the prevalence of DENV infections among febrile patients in Jos, North Central Nigeria are limited. We aimed to determine the sero-prevalence of Dengue virus infection among febrile patients.Cross sectional study was conducted among 118 participants presenting with pyrexia at the Jos University Teaching Hospital. Participants who were malaria negative using rapid diagnostic tests (mRDT) with specific symptoms defined as probably dengue by WHO (fever and symptoms such as headache, rash, nausea/vomiting, joint pain, fatigue, retro-ocular pain and haemorrhage) were screened for dengue immunoglobulin G and M (IgG and IgM) using Dengue NS1 Antigen and IgG/IgM antibody duo panel RapiCardTMInstaTest and ELISA-based kit.Out of a total of 118 participants recruited for the study, 27.9% (33/118) were found to be positive for anti-DENV antibodies. Among the 33 dengue positive cases, 13 (11.0 %) were for anti-DENV IgM, 17 (14.4%) for anti-DENV IgG while 3(2.5%) for both anti-DENV IgM/IgG. The most affected age group was 21-30 years with 14.3%, 9.5% and 4.8% for IgM, IgG and IgM/IgG respectively and least affected group being 1-10years (8.3%), P = 0.940W. Higher prevalence rate was observed in male (19.0%, 21.4% and 2.4%) for IgM, IgG and IgG/IgM respectively, P = 0.045. The study showed DENV infection (IgM) was common among males (19.0%) than female (6.6%). Symptoms associated with DENV infections were statistically significant except for body rash and retro-ocular pain. DENV infections accounts for some cases of acute undifferentiated fever among patients. Therefore, there is the need to screen for DENV to avoid misdiagnosis, early detection, management in order to reduce complications associated with DENV infection and over-treatment. Keywords:Dengue virus, Prevalence, Aedes mosquitoes, Arbovirus, Jos, Nigeria.
Authors and Affiliations
Ugwu B Kingsley, Nimzing Lohya, Vem S Tabitha, Anejo-Okopi A Joseph
Keywords
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