Describing the shape of the face of hypertensive and non-hypertensive adult females using geometric morphometric analysis
Journal Title: Human & Veterinary Medicine - International Journal of the Bioflux Society - Year 2012, Vol 4, Issue 1
Abstract
Objective: This study describes morphological variations of the face of hypertensive women when compared to non-hypertensives. Material and Methods: Digital images of the faces of 54 non-hypertensive and 41 hypertensive women were used in this study. Forty-one manually positioned landmarks were on front face images, while twenty-eight landmarks were collected on left and right face images, the Cartesian coordinates of which were extracted using an image analysis and processing software. The faces were then aligned using Procrustes alignment of the Cartesian coordinates to eliminate size differences and rotational translation. The size residuals left after the alignment were then used to reconstruct the face truss network using thin-plate spline grids. Variations in facial morphology were then explored using the methods of relative warps analysis and partial warps analysis. Results: Principal Component Analysis revealed that in both populations of females, five or six principal components contribute most to the variation that exist among individuals. Results for fluctuating asymmetry are higher compared to individual variation, with even higher values in hypertensive individuals compared to non-hypertensive. Scatterplots of residual asymmetry between the two groups further revealed the distinct differences existing between them.
Authors and Affiliations
Christine Solon, Mark Torres, Cesar Demayo
Keywords
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