DIAGNOSTIC DE FONCTIONNEMENT DES SYSTEMES D’ASPERSION PAR PIVOT UTILISES DANS UNE GRANDE EXPLOITATION IRRIGUEE DE LA TUNISIE CENTRALE
Journal Title: Larhyss Journal - Year 2012, Vol 11, Issue 11
Abstract
The Central of Tunisia is a territory under an arid to semi-arid climate characterized by the non regularity of precipitations in time and space. In this regard, the rainfall could no longer meet the crop water requirements and guarantee a stable and sufficient agricultural production, so irrigation is used to guard against the climate hazards. Immense progress was undertaken to make a more effective water use. The mechanized irrigation by central pivot has sprerad rapidly in recent years. The pivot is one of the modern mechanized sprinkling systems used` in irrigated agriculture for a better use of water resources, particularly in the arid areas of field crop. It also allows to irrigate spacious fields, to improve the water use efficiency and to keep good yield to farmers during periods of drought, to even increase the number of annual harvests. The control of its use implies, among other things, the correct maintenance of its operating condition. In this context, the present study proposes to diagnosis the functioning of four pivoting ramps operating in field conditions and exploited by a Company of Development and Development Agricultural (SMVDA) of the delegation of Nasrallah in Kairouan region (Tunisia Central), to identify the deficiencies which ; may be seen and release the possible interventions to improve the uniformity of the application ofirrigation water and to guarantee an adequate operation of these mechanized systems of sprinkling. This work consists in appreciating experimentally the variation of the uniformity of distribution of irrigation water by a mechanized pivot according to the length of the ramp, the speed of advance and the corrections of the plan adopted of sprinkler package according to the plan indicated by the manufacturer. The required result is to make a success on the whole of the irrigated area an amount of water irrigation as homogeneous as possible. In this respect, a control protocol and a diagnostic cards were used particularly for the evaluation of the rainfull distribution of irrigation water. Previously, a systematic inspection of the sprinkler package was carried out in order to check that the tubes equipping each pivot are well appropriate to the recommended plan of sprinkler package. The diagnosis of operation implemented detected that the effectiveness of the pivots is considered insufficient, even intolerable on the basis of technical performance of the standard suggested by ISO 11545. Indeed, the control of the adopted sprinkler package detected various anomalies (existing tubes evil placed, used or clogged, etc.) revealing the non conformity with the plan of sprinkler package provided by the manufacturer. In addition, the results of the uniformity of distribution and the pluviometry recorded following the necessary maintenance of the material confirm the interest of this latter to correct the hydraulic performances of the considered mechanized sprinkling installations.
Authors and Affiliations
M’SADAK Y. | Institut Supérieur Agronomique - BP 47, 4042 Chott-Mariem, Université de Sousse, Tunisie, DOUH B. | Institut Supérieur Agronomique - BP 47, 4042 Chott-Mariem, Université de Sousse, Tunisie, HAMZA M. E. | Institut National Agronomique - 43, Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis- Mahrajène, Université de Carthage, Tunisie
Keywords
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