Effect of Cadmium Exposure on the Structure of the Cerebellar Vermis of Growing Male Albino Rat
Journal Title: International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences - Year 2014, Vol 8, Issue 2
Abstract
Contamination of the environment with cadmium may impact human health through the persistent exposure to small doses over a long period of time. The present work was planned with the aim to study the histological changes that might occur in the vermis of the cerebellum in growing male albino rats following cadmium exposure. Sixty growing male albino rats, weighing 47 - 59 grams, were utilized in this study. The animals were divided into 3 groups; each of 20 rats: animals of group I served as control, animals of group II received 2 ml of cadmium chloride 0.4 mg / Kg / day solution with drinking water for 8 weeks and those of group III received the same dose by the same route for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment the rats were sacrificed. The vermis of the cerebellum was dissected and processed for paraffin sections and stained, for light microscopic examination, by haematoxylin and eosin, cresyl violet acetate stain, luxol fast blue stain and immunohistochemical labeling of astrocytes using antiglial fibrillary acidic protein. Ultrathin sections were prepared for electron microscopic examination. This study revealed changes in the vermis of the cerebellum, after exposure to cadmium, including vascular, neuronal, white matter and astrocytic changes. Vascular changes appeared in the form of congestion and perivascular oedema as well as dilatation and distortion of the capillaries with destruction of their endothelial lining. Some Parkinje cells showed degeneration, distortion with small nuclei, abnormal arrangement in many layers, loss of nuclear cytoplasmic differentiation, deformity of nuclei, increase of mitochondria, proliferation of rough endoplasmic reticulum and excessive primary and secondary lysosomes. Granular cells became loose with less packing with decrease of mitochondria and ribosomes, shrunken deformed nuclei, surrounded by macrophages containing electron dense material and also surrounded by distorted nerve fibers. The white matter showed pleomorphic destruction. Proliferation and increase in the astrocytes with increase of their branches. All these cerebellar changes were more prominent with prolongation of the period of cadmium exposure.The present study demonstrated that continuous oral administration of cadmium for 8 weeks and 12 weeks has hazardous toxic effects on the structure of the vermis of the cerebellum in growing albino rats. It is recommended to avoid as much as possible, the use of cadmium and its compounds in different industries to prevent contamination of air, soil, water and food with this major environmental toxin.
Authors and Affiliations
Mohamed H. Wahdan| Taif University, College of Medicine, Department of Histology, Ayman K. Ismail *| Taif University, College of Medicine, Department of Toxicology, Suez Canal University, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, email: aykam4@yahoo.com, Mohamed F. Saad| Taif University, College of Medicine, Department of Histology, Eiman M. Abdel Meguid| Taif University, College of Medicine, Department of Histology, Ahmed H. Rashidy| Taif University, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Mujtaba F. Rana| Taif University, College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry
Keywords
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