Effect of menopausal hormone therapy on the levels of magnesium, zinc, lead and cadmium in post-menopausal women
Journal Title: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine - Year 2013, Vol 20, Issue 1
Abstract
Introduction and objective: The level of trace elements is extremely important for the maintenance of normal functioning of the human body. The risk of disturbance of their balance increases especially dynamically during the period of menopause. The objective of the study was the effect of MHT on the levels of bioelements (Mg and Zn) in blood plasma, and toxic metals (Pb and Cd) in the whole blood in postmenopausal women.Materials and methods: The study covered 323 women at postmenopausal age from the population of the West Pomeranian Region, in whom the levels of Mg, Zn, Pb and Cd were determined. The women were divided into two groups: study and control. The study group were 152 women who used menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). The control group were 171 women who did not use MHT, and had had their final menstrual period at least one year prior to inclusion in the study. The mean age of the women examined was 56±5. Results: Significantly higher levels of the bioelements Mg, Zn were observed in women who used MHT, compared to the control group (p<0.05). The concentration of Pb in whole blood was significantly lower in the study than the control group: 16.09±7.33 µg/l and 20.18±9.01 µg/l, respectively. An elevated level of Cd in whole blood was found in both groups of women: 0.9±1.03 µg/l and 0.8±1.1 µg/l, respectively. It was noted that women who used MHT more frequently declared the presence of climacteric symptoms (p<0.05).Conclusions: 1) Higher levels of Mg and Zn were found in blood plasma of women who used MHT. 2) The mean concentration of Cd in the blood of women in both groups was similar. 3) In women who use MHT the level of Pb in whole blood was lower, compared to the rest of the women.
Authors and Affiliations
Anna Jurczak, Jacek Brodowski, Elżbieta Grochans, Beata Karakiewicz, Małgorzata Szkup-Jabłońska, Sylwia Wieder-Huszla, Bożena Mroczek, Anna Grzywacz
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP80594
- DOI -
- Views 129
- Downloads 0
Concentration of fungal biomass and trichothecenes in different parts of einkorn.
Analyses of ergosterol (ERG), adenosine-5?-triphosphate (ATP) and groups A and B trichothecenes were performed in three Triticum monococcum cultivars registered in Germany (Albini, Terzino and Tifi), grown in the organic...
Differences in the effects of anti-tobacco health education programme in the areas of knowledge, attitude and behaviour, with respect to nicotinism among boys and girls
Introduction. Health education used for increasing the effectiveness of intervention actions should cover a number of factors which exert an effect on learning.Objectve. Recognition of the extent to which gender may dete...
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among 40- and 50-year-old inhabitants of Wroclaw, Poland
Introduction and objective. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been discussed for many years, but there is no doubt that those who have confirmed the presence of risk factors comprising the MetS had a higher risk of cardi...
Effects of spring season solar drying process on sanitation indicators in sewage sludge and potential as a method for fertilizer production
The agricultural use of sewage sludge is possible on condition of maintaining microbiological and parasitological standards, and one of the most modern methods improving its sanitary state is solar drying. In the present...
Central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) tests in a school-age hearing screening programme – analysis of 76,429 children
[b]Introduction and objective[/b]. Hearing disorders among school-age children are a current concern. Continuing studies have been performed in Poland since 2008, and on 2 December 2011 the EU Council adopted Conclusions...