Effects of Tramadol on Fertility Hormones (Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Leutinizing Hormone, Prolactin, Testosterone, Estrogen and β-HCG) in Laboratory Rabbits
Journal Title: Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research - Year 2016, Vol 14, Issue 8
Abstract
Drug abuse in Nigeria has been indicated to be on the rise in recent years. The use of hard drugs and misuse of prescription drugs for nonmedical purposes cuts across all strata, especially the youths. Tramadol (2[(Dimethylamin) methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol) is known for its analgesic potentials. This potent opioid pain killer is misused by Nigerian youths, owing to its suspicion as sexual performance drug. This study therefore is aimed at determining the effect of tramadol on hormone levels its improved libido properties and possibly fertility. Twenty seven (27) European rabbits weighing 1.0 to 2.0 kg were used. Animals were divided into four major groups consisting of male and female control, and male and female tramadol treated groups. Treated groups were further divided into oral and intramuscular (IM) administered groups. Oral groups were administered 25 mg/kg b.w. of tramadol per day while the IM groups received 15 mg/kg b.w. per day over a period of thirty days. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment for progesterone, testosterone, estrogen (E2), luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), β-human chorionic gonadotropin and prolactin estimation. Tramadol treated groups were compared with control groups at the end of the study, as well as within group comparison was done. From the results, FSH was found to be significantly reduced (p<0.05) while LH increased significantly (p<0.05). A decrease was observed for testosterone (p<0.001), and estrogen, FSH, progesterone also decreased (p<0.05). Significant changes weren’t observed when IM groups were compared with oral groups. This study does not support an improvement of libido by tramadol, though its possible usefulness in the treatment of premature ejaculation may have been established, but its capabilities to induce male and female infertility is still in doubt.
Authors and Affiliations
H. B. Osadolor, J. A. Omo-Erhabor
Comparative Study of the Effect of Mometasone Fuorate and Levocetrizine in Alleviating the Symptom Triad of Rhinorrhoea, Nasal Obstruction and Sneezing in Patients of Allergic Rhinitis
Aims: The aim of the study is to compare the effect of Mometasone Fuorate and Levocetrizine in alleviating the symptom triad of Rhinorrhoea, Nasal obstruction and Sneezing in patients of Allergic Rhinitis. Study Design:...
Arterial Stiffness in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Its Correlation with Disease Severity: A Case Control Study
Introduction: Arterial stiffness is an emerging field of interest in atherosclerosis. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are predisposed to have premature atherosclerosis. Aims: To compare the arterial stif...
Screening for Fabry Disease among Dialysis Patients in Brazil: Findings from the First 18 months of a Nationwide Study
Aims: To estimate the frequency of Fabry disease (FD) among kidney failure patients on dialysis in Brazil using an algorithm designed to track FD-suspected patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duratio...
An Evaluation of 605 Endoscopic Examination in a Rural Setting, Lacor Hospital in Northern Uganda
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of esophagogastroduodenal (EGDS) diseases diagnosed by upper endoscopy in a rural area of Uganda in a retro-protective study of 605 patients. Results: The m...
Safety of Fasting in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes during Ramadan: A Prospective Study from Pakistan
Aims: To observe safety of fasting in patients with type 1 diabetes during Ramadan. Methods: A prospective, case control study was conducted in the Out-patient department of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinol...