Epidemiological Pattern of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Seen At the Tygerberg Academic Complex
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) - Year 2018, Vol 17, Issue 9
Abstract
BackgroundRecent epidemiological reports established that there is an increase in the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in young patients. Some report this to be in the absence of contributing habits such as smoking and alcohol use. Few reports of such a nature have reported a similar trend in South Africa. This study was conducted to describe epidemiological pattern of oral squamous cell carcinoma seen at the Tygerberg academic complex in South Africa in the period from 1996 to 2013. Materials and Methods: Histopathological biopsy reports of patients diagnosed by the oral pathology department of Tygerberg hospital from 1996 to 2013 were electronically retrieved and included. Patients were grouped by age into two groups, one included patients 40 years and younger, the other included patients older than 40 years. Descriptive analysis was performed for age, sex, smoking and alcohol habits and oral site of tumor. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests were used as appropriate. Probabilities of less than 0.05 were regarded as significant. Results: The total number of OSCC patients over the 18-year period was 2220. The mean age was 57.6 years. The male to female ratio was 2.9:1 for all age groups and 2.2:1 for young patients. The majority of patients (96%) were above 40 years old. Smoking and alcohol were commonly reported for all age groups (91.3%) and (83.8%) for young patients. OSCC patients who were younger than 40 years of age represented 4% of the whole study sample. Conclusion The study confirmed that OSCC is still an affliction of people older than 40 years and males are predominantly affected. Smoking and alcohol are strong risk factors for OSCC irrespective of patient's age. OSCC among people older than 40 years may have no great difference from the same disease affecting younger ones in terms of sex, oral habits and tumor site.
Authors and Affiliations
AA Hamid, Anthea Jeftha, Fatma Hamid, LXG Stephen
Keywords
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- EP ID EP381862
- DOI 10.9790/0853-1709017275.
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