Epidemiology of Coccidian Parasites in HIV Patients of Northern Uganda
Journal Title: Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research - Year 2015, Vol 7, Issue 11
Abstract
Aim: The epidemiology of coccidian parasites in HIV patients of sub-sahara Africa is poorly understood. This study aimed at determining the epidemiology of coccidian parasites and their associated risk factors. This was a cross sectional study carried out in Arua district in West Nile region of Northern Uganda for a period of five months. Materials and Methods: Participants in the study included HIV positive patients presenting with diarrhea. A total of 111 patients were included and classified into children, middle aged and adults. A structured questionnaire was administered, stool samples were obtained using sterile stool containers and laboratory analysis carried out using modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique (ZN). Ethical clearance was acquired and the consent of the patients was sought. Results and Discussion: Prevalence of Coccidian parasites among HIV patients was found to be 5.4% and Cryptosporidium parvum showed more prevalence than Isospora belli and Cyclospora cayatenensis i.e. (3.6%), (1.8%) and (0.0%) respectively. Most Cryptosporidium parvum infections occurred in children (13.6%) compared to adults (3.3%); with a significant relationship of (p = 0.02). The infection was higher in females (7.1%) than males (2.4%) (p = 0.19). The major risk factors associated with the disease were mainly consumption of contaminated and un-boiled water from taps and boreholes. HIV patients who took co-trimoxazole and drunk boiled water were shown to have a low prevalence of coccidian parasites of 1.9% and 2.6% respectively (p<0.05). This is because co-trimoxazole is a prophylactic drug for opportunistic infections and proper boiling of drinking water kills coccidian parasites. Conclusion and Recommendations: The study highlighted the importance and need to screen for coccidian parasites and emphasis on regular taking of prophylactic treatment as a way of controlling opportunistic infections in HIV patients. Future prevalence studies of Coccidia amongst healthy, HIV sero-negative children and adults of similar age groups in similar settings are recommended to ratify the relationship.
Authors and Affiliations
Isaac Echoru, Lule Herman, Lisa Micheni, Mulkah O. Ajagun-Ogunleye, Muhamudu Kalange, Keneth Iceland Kasozi
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP348033
- DOI 10.9734/BJMMR/2015/15959
- Views 78
- Downloads 0
Clinical Evaluation of Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections in Pediatric Japanese Patients
Background: In recent years, an increase in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections among children has become a social issue in Japan. Methods: During a 2-year collection period (2011-2012), we evaluated trends during the firs...
A Field Study on Malaria Prevalence along the Myanmar Thailand Border by Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay (PCR)
Background: Thailand has a national goal to eliminate malaria from 80 percent of the country by 2020. An accurate detection and prevalence are critical to effective management of malaria. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) de...
Diarrhea Treatment Behaviour among Mothers of Under-five Children Attending Primary Health Care Clinic in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Aims: Diarrhoea is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among children under the age of five years. This study assessed diarrhea treatment behaviour among mothers of under-five attending Ibadan north local governme...
Cone Beam Computed Tomography for Exploring Morphology of Mandibular First Molar
Aims: The root canals have complex morphology and vary widely among individuals variations. The objective of this research was to analyse the morphology of root canals and existence of extra canals in mandibular first mo...
Streptococcus Toxic Shock Syndrome Due to Non Haemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes
Aim: Describe the detection of an unusual pathogen associated with a common clinical presentation with abrupt worsening. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 36-year-old Peruvian male who presented to the E...