Evaluation of Anti-A and Anti-B Alloisogglutinin Titer in Group O Plateletpheresis Donors
Journal Title: International Journal Of Research In Medicine - Year 2016, Vol 5, Issue 4
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Platelet (PLT) transfusions need to take into account the issues that arise due to significant amounts of ABO antigen being present on the platelets surface and anti-ABO alloisogglutinins being present in the donor’s plasma. Although relatively rare, acute intravascular haemolytic transfusion reactions (AHTRs) have been caused by passive transfer of anti -A and anti–B antibodies, present in apheresis platelets (APs) of group O donors, across a minor ABO incompatibility (group A, B and AB recipients). AIM: (1) To evaluate anti-A and anti-B titers in the plasma of group O APs donors. (2)To define a critical value of “high-titer” based on our methodology. (3)To increase the awareness of medical staff on the potential risk of ABO-incompatible PLT transfusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this current study we evaluated anti-A and anti-B titers in 30 plasma samples from group O APs donors. Their age ranged from 20 to 58 years old (mean age: 39.8±1.1). The determination of anti-A and anti-B antibodies, was performed using the tube titration method specifying IgM antibodies. RESULT: Our results showed that, anti-A titers ranged from 2 to 1024 (mean titer: 64), while anti-B titers ranged from 2 to 256 (mean titer: 32). Anti-A titers were significantly higher than anti-B (p <0.01). The critical value of “high-titer” for anti-A and anti-B antibodies, based on our method and internationally accepted criteria, was defined to be at least 64. The frequency of group O APs donors, with “high-titer” anti-A and anti-B was relatively high, 56.6% and 43.4% respectively. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the risk of haemolysis from ABO-incompatible PLT components, due to passive transfused anti-A and / or anti-B alloisogglutinins, is small but present. Transfusion Service Personnel and Clinicians should be aware of the potential risk and they should always be alert and vigilant when it comes to ABO-incompatible platelet transfusions.
Authors and Affiliations
Chirag Chaudhari, Milind Dighe, Farzana Kothari , Swati Patel
Keywords
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