Evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of some herbs used in sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria
Journal Title: Journal of Coastal Life Medicine - Year 2017, Vol 5, Issue 9
Abstract
Objective: To examine antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of Cissus populnea (C. populnea) root and Securidaca longipedunculata (S. longipedunculata) leaf and root extracts using aqueous, ethanol and petroleum-ether media. Methods: The free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl was used to measure scavenging activities of extracts, while phenol and flavonoid contents were estimated by spectrophotometry and the antibacterial screening of extracts was done using disc diffusion method. The extracts were tested against five strains of Gram positive and negative bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration of extracts in the screening assay was according to micro-broth dilution, and minimum bactericidal concentration was carried out by agar diffusion method. Results: The ethanol extract of the S. longipedunculata leaf recorded the highest [(83.00 ± 2.97) μg/mL] radical scavenging potential while the least value [(48.50 ± 2.55) μg/mL] was recorded for C. populnea root ethanol extract. The highest phenol content was found in the ethanol extract of C. populnea [(145.60 ± 0.85) mg gallic acid equivalent/g], while the least value [(87.75 ± 3.46) mg gallic acid equivalent/g] was recorded in petroleum ether extract of S. longipedunculata. The highest and lowest values [(81.30 ± 0.99) and (46.60 ± 1.98) mg rutin equivalent/g] of flavonoid were recorded with ethanol extracts of S. longipedunculata leaf and root, respectively. The aqueous and ethanol leaf and root extracts of S. longipedunculata were active against the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi. Similar results were observed with ethanol and aqueous root extracts of C. populnea for the same bacteria. Conclusions: All the crude plant extracts possessed strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities qualifying them as medicinal herbs that could be included in animal feed production.
Indian olive, Elaeocarpus flribundus fruits in combating MRSA infection
Objective: To explore the antibacterial activity of Elaeocarpus floribundus fruits aqueous extracts against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates. Methods: The fresh olive fruits were colle...
Phytochemical and toxicity evaluation of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl by MCF-7 cell line and brine shrimp lethality bioassay
Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxicity of Phaleria macrocarpa fruits extracts. Methods: The cytotoxicity test was carried out by in vitro MCF-7 cell line and in vivo brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Results: The prelimi...
First record of Necrobia rufipes (De Geer, 1775) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) from Khuzestan Province, southwest of Iran, a beetle species of forensic importance
Objective: To introduce Necrobia rufipes as a forensic important species in the study area. Methods: This study was performed using a laboratory bred rat (Wistar rat) weighing 352 g as a model for decomposition. The rat...
Antioxidant potential of brans of twenty-nine red and white rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties of Sri Lanka
Objective: To evaluate antioxidant properties of brans of twenty-nine red and white rice varieties of Sri Lanka. Methods: Brans of 21 new improved (NI), 2 old improved (OI) and 6 traditional red and white rice varieties...
Toxicity of cadmium on larvae of Palaemon adspersus Rathke, 1837 from the Black Sea
Objective: To evaluate the suitability of Palaemon adspersus (P. adspersus) as a bio-indicator for 4 and 10 days of cadmium toxicity bioassays. Methods: Four and ten days experiments were designed. CdCl2·2½H2O was dissol...