EVOLUTION OF ENGINEERING STANDARDS AND ESTIMATION METHODS
Journal Title: International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology - Year 2019, Vol 10, Issue 3
Abstract
The article discusses the evolution of engineering standards and estimation methods. The development of the philosophy of ensuring the safety of buildings and structures being engineer, took place in separate stages and in its main course always developed under the slogan of more and more detailed forecasting of structures, studying the nature of the strains affecting on these structures, more clearly describing the requirements for a constructive form and conditions for meeting such requirements.
Authors and Affiliations
P. A. GRISHIN, A. A. GOROVOY, A. V. KHARLAMOV, A. N. BUTUZOV4, K. V. KUZNETSOV, A. A. ARUTYUNYAN, SH. G. YAKUBOV, D. K. ANUFRIEV, A. A. SALAMATOV
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP46679
- DOI -
- Views 206
- Downloads 0
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CAPITAL ON SUSTAINABILITY OF SAGO PROCESSING BUSINESS
The aspects of social capital and economic capital can support business sustainability, such as the sago processing business in Tambat Village, Tanah Miring District, Merauke Regency. Tambat villagers are dominated by...
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE PUNCHING BEHAVIOR OF RC FLAT SLABS STRENGTHENING BY TRM AND FRP
In this paper, the effectiveness of textile-reinforced mortar (TRM) and fiberreinforced polymer (FRP), as a means of improving the punching behavior of reinforced concrete flat slabs were numerically investigated. Finit...
USE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SIMULATING ADHAIM RIVER BASIN, IRAQ
Adhaim River is one of Tigris river tributaries, contributing by 5555% of the Tigris River yield, with annual flow rate of 0.832 BCM. To simulate Adhaim River flow, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) was used, 21 years’...
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF RESTORATIONS IN CERVICAL TEETH REGION BY DIRECT AND INDIRECT METHOD
Restoration of defects of hard tissues in cervical region of teeth is one of the most topical problems of modern dentistry. Defects of cervical region have different etiology, pathophysiology of development of defect f...
THE IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATES EXPOSURE TOWARD STOCK RETURNS: THE EVIDENCE IN INDONESIAN IMPORT AND EXPORT COMPANIES
This study investigated the effect of exchange rates exposure toward stock returns in export and import companies in Indonesia. It is crucial because it can give evidence that exchange rate exposure may influence stock...