External Conflict Escalation Among the Nilotic Pastoral Communities of Northern Kenya
Journal Title: Education Quarterly Reviews - Year 2019, Vol 2, Issue 4
Abstract
This article discusses the external dynamics that resulted in the proliferation of arms into Kenya in general and Northern Kenya in specific. The paper has two major arguments. First, during the cold war, there was an arms race in the region because of its strategic position. This resulted in the two superpowers, USA and USSR, to arm specific countries that were considered to be friendly to them. Second, the paper argues that beginning in the early '70s into the '80s and early 90s, a number of countries in the Horn of Africa experienced turmoil or civil strife. Political instability in Somalia made Kenyan Somalis able to obtain guns by volunteering to join the fight for the Ogaden in Ethiopia and then slipped back into Kenya. The current study found that the conflict in North Eastern Kenya is caused by scarcity of resources, economic and political marginalization, active resistance by pastoralist communities to assimilation, resource depletion, and demographic changes, and the growing availability of small arms and light weapons. Livestock has become the triggers and the medium for sustaining conflicts through cattle raiding for wealth accumulation and also for dowry payments. Modern technology has also become a clear instrument of conflict escalation. Pastoral communities in northern Kenya provide an excellent market for firearms. The study concludes that political instability in Somalia made Kenyan Somalis able to obtain guns by volunteering to join the fight for the Ogaden in Ethiopia and then slipped back into Kenya. The rivalry between Ethiopia and Eritrea led to an arms race between the two nations, where each country is involved in the massive acquisition of arms.
Authors and Affiliations
Jonathan Ltipalei Ltipalei, Joshua Kivuva, Fred Jonyo
Leading Special Education Teachers to Envision Evidence-based Metacognitivist Instructional Strategies in Inclusive Education Schools
The present study intends to inspire special education teachers to envision ways in which to use evidence-based metacognitivist instructional strategies with a higher effect size than 0.4 in inclusive education schools....
The Flipped Classroom
The knowledge society requires greater connectivity between individuals and communities. Becoming indispensable for the development of all human activities, the new information and communication technologies are increasi...
The Language Proficiency and Process Skills of Filipino High School Teachers
This study employed the Test of English Proficiency for Teachers-Process Skills Test (TEPT-PST) results of Grades 7-10 Science and Math public high school teachers in the Philippines. Qualitative and quantitative designs...
The Effect of Reciprocal Peer Tutoring Strategy Assisted by GeoGebra on Students’ Mathematical Communication Ability Reviewed from Gender
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of reciprocal peer tutoring strategy assisted by geogebra on students' mathematical communication ability reviewed from gender. The method in this study is the experimen...
Vernacular Inculturation on the Architecture of the Church in Bali, Indonesia (Case Study: Pniel Blimbingsari Christian Church, Jembrana, Bali)
The existence of the Christian community with its church architecture in Bali, seems to be adjusting to the local culture of Bali through the inculturation process of Balinese vernacular architecture. The purpose of this...