External Conflict Escalation Among the Nilotic Pastoral Communities of Northern Kenya
Journal Title: Education Quarterly Reviews - Year 2019, Vol 2, Issue 4
Abstract
This article discusses the external dynamics that resulted in the proliferation of arms into Kenya in general and Northern Kenya in specific. The paper has two major arguments. First, during the cold war, there was an arms race in the region because of its strategic position. This resulted in the two superpowers, USA and USSR, to arm specific countries that were considered to be friendly to them. Second, the paper argues that beginning in the early '70s into the '80s and early 90s, a number of countries in the Horn of Africa experienced turmoil or civil strife. Political instability in Somalia made Kenyan Somalis able to obtain guns by volunteering to join the fight for the Ogaden in Ethiopia and then slipped back into Kenya. The current study found that the conflict in North Eastern Kenya is caused by scarcity of resources, economic and political marginalization, active resistance by pastoralist communities to assimilation, resource depletion, and demographic changes, and the growing availability of small arms and light weapons. Livestock has become the triggers and the medium for sustaining conflicts through cattle raiding for wealth accumulation and also for dowry payments. Modern technology has also become a clear instrument of conflict escalation. Pastoral communities in northern Kenya provide an excellent market for firearms. The study concludes that political instability in Somalia made Kenyan Somalis able to obtain guns by volunteering to join the fight for the Ogaden in Ethiopia and then slipped back into Kenya. The rivalry between Ethiopia and Eritrea led to an arms race between the two nations, where each country is involved in the massive acquisition of arms.
Authors and Affiliations
Jonathan Ltipalei Ltipalei, Joshua Kivuva, Fred Jonyo
Reform and Revolution: A Comparative Study on Ethical Concern of European Modern Design
European modern design arose during the late 19th century and the early 20th century. Its rise has displayed a strong historical interaction with social change towards modernisation in which aesthetics, technology, polit...
Continuous Teacher Professional Support for Effective Implementation of Basic Education Curriculum Framework
Continuing teacher professional support in curriculum implementation is critical in Kenya following the development of the Basic Education Curriculum Framework (KICD, 2017). The new curriculum is competency-based and emp...
The Profile of the Inmates’ Adult Educator: A Greek Case Study
The inmates’ adult educator implements the principles of adult education in the enclosed prison environment and makes efforts to reintegrate them socially. In Greece, inmates’ adult educators mainly work in Second Chance...
The Contribution of Internal Assurance System to Increase Learning Quality
The National Standards of Education (NSE) plays an important role in controlling the quality of education because it contains some aspects for the educational system. The purpose of this research is to strengthen the imp...
Capital and Capacity in Reproduction of The Community of Masjid Kampung Jogokariyan Yogyakarta
This study aims to describe capital and capacity in the community of the community of masjid kampung Jogokariyan, Yogyakarta. Supported by life-history data, the Islamic education space is a reproduction of the community...