Failure Study of Reinforced Concrete Buildings of Kathmandu Valley In Gorkha Earthquake 2015
Journal Title: International Journal of Modern Research In Engineering & Management. - Year 2018, Vol 1, Issue 5
Abstract
Nepal lies in earthquake prone zone. There are different fault zones in Nepal. Active fault of in this region causes several earthquakes in Nepal. In the recent, an earthquake of M7.8 occurred in 77 km NW of Kathmandu (in the boarder of Gorkha and Lam Jung) at 11:56 on 25 April 2015 with shallow depth of 15 km with maximum Mercalli Intensity of IX, lasting approximately thirty seconds. Nepal faced continued aftershocks throughout the country at the intervals of 15–20 minutes, with one shock reaching a magnitude of 6.7 on 26 April at 12:54:08. And another major earthquake of 7.3 (as per USGS report) occurred in 18 km south-east of Kodari and epicenter is in boarder of Dolkha and Sindhu pal chowk district at 12.51 on 12 May 2015. This article is concentrated to study of damages of reinforced concrete buildings only which are in Kathmandu valley in Gorkha Earthquake 2015. Effect of earthquake in reinforced concrete frame structures in Kathmandu valley are considered. Height of buildings is taken from two storied to ten storied. In this study it is discussed about the types of failures of reinforced concrete structures, observations and causes of structural failures, tilting of building, fully collapsed buildings, sandwich type failure of buildings, soft story failure of buildings, column failures, crushing of concrete failure of column, shear and bending failure of columns, shear failure of beams and beam-column joint failure, failure due to reinforcement deficiency, poor quality of concrete and infill wall failure. It is found that soil exploration in building site is not done in most of the failed building area so foundation failure in excessive settlement and tilting are observed, Configuration of buildings are not regular. It is observed the lack of structural design and not properly structural designed of buildings. In addition to this it is found that not proper reinforcement detailing of building elements and lack of quality control of construction materials. So, it is recommended that in the stage of soil exploration, planning, design and supervision of buildings, building norms should be strictly fulfilled. Technical expertise should be used in all process of work.
Authors and Affiliations
Dr Rajan Suwal
Keywords
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