FEATURES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS AT THE EARLY STEPS IN A NUMBER VARIETIES OF MYRONIVKA OF SOFT WINTER WHEAT AND THEIR CONTACT WITH THE FROST RESISTANSE AND CROPPING
Journal Title: Наукові доповіді НУБіП України - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 5
Abstract
The yield of winter wheat depends on many of its properties, in particular on the ability of plants to withstand the influence of abiotic and biotic factors. Frost resistance of winter wheat is one of the main properties that determine the level of yield of a variety. The combination in one genotype of wheat of high productivity and resistance to stressful conditions of overeating remains the main task for breeders. Identify the relationship between the indices of growth and development of plants in the early stages of a number of winter wheat varieties with their coldstorage. Separate frost-resistant with high yields genotypes. Methods. The material used for evaluation was soft winter wheat varieties of Myronivka breeding, which were entered in the State Register of Plant Varieties, suitable for distribution in Ukraine, or transferred to the State Qualification Commission. The assessment of frost resistance of soft winter wheat plants in 2017 was carried out using the standard method, the results of freezing of the studied varieties were compared with the standard grade Myronivska 808. As a growth index of plants, their height was measured, and the development was the length of the growth cone. Record of yield varieties were carried out from the site of 5 m2 in 4 repetitions on the field of the institute. Statistical processing of the results was carried out for B.A. Dospehov. The evaluation of frost resistance of the studied varieties was carried out by freezing the plants sown in the boxes at a temperature of -18 ºС and -20 ºС. The high frost resistance level of all studied varieties of Myronivka breeding was studied without any exception. Comparison of these varieties with a highly frost-resistant Myronivska 808 variety, in most cases, did not show a significant difference in the percentage of plants that survived as a result of freezing at both temperatures. Variants such as Estafeta Mironovska and MIP Assol, at temperature -18 ºC, even significantly exceeded the standard for the number of live plants after freezing. The ability of plants of soft winter wheat to withstand the influence of stress factors during wintering is associated with a number of their physiological characteristics, in particular, the intensity of their growth and development in the anteticum period. We carried out some morphological measurements of plants of new varieties Myronivka breeding in the autumn, after the cessation of vegetation and in the spring, after its restoration, and determined correlation coefficients of the obtained parameters with frost resistance of varieties. As is known, winter wheat better wintering in the planting phase in the presence of 2-4 shoots, however In 2016, the plants of the studied varieties entered the winter at the 1st stage of organogenesis by forming only one fir with 2 or 3 leaves due to the absence of precipitation, which caused the stagnation of stains in the autumn. According to the weather conditions, the most frost-resistant varieties were characterized by more intense vegetative growth before the beginning of winter, as evidenced by the high correlation coefficient between the average height of plants of different varieties in this period and their frost resistance. They grow up before the beginning of winter, as evidenced by the high correlation coefficient between the average height of plants of different varieties in this period and their frost resistance. Also, the slow development of plants (measured by the length of the growth cone) of the varieties of the Vega Myronivska, MIP Assol, the Ewstafeta Myronivska, and the Graciya Myronivska before the winter enters. A close feedback of the length of the growth cone of varieties of plants prior to the onset of the winter period with the indexes of their frost resistance during the freezing mode of -18 ° C was noted. At -20 ° C this bond was somewhat weaker, the correlation coefficient was only - 0.16±0.37. After overgrowth, somewhat slowed growth and accelerated growth are observed in more frost-resistant varieties. Plants had slight changes in height, compared with the results of measurements in the autumn However, the results of measurements in the spring show that direct correlation between the average height of plants and the frost resistance of varieties and the return between the average length of the cone and the frost resistance is maintained. Thus, more frost-resistant varieties are characterized by faster growth processes and the accumulation of vegetative mass of the plant before the winter period. There is also an inverse relationship between the frost resistance of varieties and the length of their cone of growth on the eve of winter and spring, but it turned out to be somewhat weaker. In opposition to the stress factors of wintering, certain preference is given to varieties whose plants are capable of delaying their development in preparation for the winter period, and for the formation of a high crop favorable are the rapid pace of development of plants in the spring. The most successful combination of these characteristics can be noted in the variety MIP Dnipryanka. In the represented group of varieties there is no correlation between the index of frost resistance and yield, that is, due to successful breeding, these varieties are quite yieldy and frost resistant at the same time. According to the results of freezing of wheat plants, the studied wheat varieties Myronivka breeding are characterized by high frost resistance and can be used in breeding as sources of frost resistance. Due to insufficient moisture levels in autumn, most frost-resistant varieties were characterized by more intense vegetative growth, that is, the ability of plants to accumulate vegetative mass in stressful conditions is associated with their frost resistance. The inverse relationship between frost resistance of varieties and the length of the growth cone of plants on the eve of winter and spring is revealed. In the studied group of varieties there is no correlation between the index of frost resistance and yield, that is, these varieties are sufficiently productive and frost-resistant at the same time. The best combination of these features can be noted in the varieties of the Vega Myronivska, the MIP Dnipryanka, the Estafeta Myronivska and the MIP Assol.
Authors and Affiliations
A. V. Pirych, N. V. Bulavka, H. M. Kovalyshyna, O. L. Dergachev, O. V. Gumenyk
Keywords
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- EP ID EP419382
- DOI 10.31548/dopovidi2018.05.013
- Views 86
- Downloads 0
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