In-vitro Anti-Bacterial Activity of Extracts of Euphorbia abyssinica (Desert Candle) Stem-Bark and Latex
Journal Title: Journal of Advances in Microbiology - Year 2017, Vol 2, Issue 4
Abstract
Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating Euphorbia abyssinica (Desert Candle), a medicinal plant extensively used in folklore medicine among the Kendem people of South-west Cameroon for antibacterial activity and extracts analyzed for phytochemical composition. Study Design: The completely randomized block design was used and data analyzed using of two way analysis of variance. Significant means were separated using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria, between April 2011 and August 2012. Methodology: Extraction was done using absolute methanol, 50% methanol (in water) and water as solvents. Qualitative analysis methods were used to assay the phytochemical constituents. Agar-well diffusion, macro broth dilution and agar dilution and time-kill assay were the susceptibility test methods adapted. Results: The phytochemical constituents detected were alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates and steroids, and saponins. The 50% methanol extract of the stem-bark was highly active against Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and compared favorably with the Gentamycin control drug. The inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) obtained with 50% methanol extract measured 23 mm for S. aureus and 19 mm for P. aeruginosa compared to 18 mm achieved with the absolute methanol extract for both S. aureus and P. aeniginosa. For the aqueous extract the overall IZD range of 10±1.60-13±2.16 mm. The susceptibility patterns obtained using both dilutions (agar and macro-broth) methods were similar to that obtained with the agar diffusion method above. S. aureus (with MIC, 10.93±1.00-; MBC, 25-mg/mL, agar dilution or MIC, 3.9±1.60 -, MBC, 12.5-mg/mL, macro broth dilution methods, respectively). It was considered to be the most significantly susceptible bacteria strain tested (significant mean value 3.933), while E. coli was the least susceptible (with MIC, 50±0.00-, MBC, 100-mg/mL, in the agar dilution; MIC, 25±0.00-, MBC, 50-mg/mL in the broth dilution and a significant mean value of 14.70). The stem-bark extracts was also significantly more active than the latex extracts P= .05 with significant mean values of 13.48 and 19.53 respectively. In the time-kill assay, all (100%) the organisms tested were killed by 50% methanol extract of E. abyssinica at concentrations equivalent to 1MIC- 4MIC. Conclusion: E. abyssinica extracts showed considerable antibacterial activity against the bacterial species tested. These findings authenticate the folklore use of Euphorbia abyssinica for broad spectrum treatment of bacterial infections.
Authors and Affiliations
Jacqueline Ebob Tarh, Christian Ukwuoma Iroegbu
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP338120
- DOI 10.9734/JAMB/2017/32277
- Views 111
- Downloads 0
Microbial Assessment of Swimming Pools from Selected Hotels in Osogbo Metropolis, Osun State, Nigeria
The presence of microorganisms in swimming pool water is of concern today and health threat because they have been shown to cause infections especially gastroenterititis infections with probable transfer of these organis...
In vivo Studies of Antiviral Effect of Tetrapleura tetraptera Extracts on Newcastle Disease Virus
Newcastle disease (ND) is an economically important disease of poultry. Vaccination had been the only way of prevention in Nigeria and indeed many countries of the world. Possible therapy is presently lacking. Drugs deve...
Microbiological and Physicochemical Characteristics of Plain Set Yoghurt Manufactured by Traditional Plants in Khartoum State, Sudan
Aims: This study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of plain yoghurt manufactured by traditional plants in Khartoum State. Methodology: Fifty samples of plain set yoghurt...
Cultural, Morphological and Pathogenic Variability among Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli Causing Wilt in French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Aim: This study aimed at evaluating cultural, morphological and pathogenic variability among Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli strains isolated from French beans. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methodology: The F...
Fungicidal Activity of Some Metallic Ions, Fungicides and Essential Oils for Preventing Biodeterioration of Old Manuscripts
Aims: The main goal of this work to investigate the fungicidal activity of some metallic ions and essential oils which were to be applied as alternative protective of synthetic fungicides for old manuscripts and document...