In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy of Individual and Combined Extracts Of Five Medicinal Plants, Enantia chlorantha, Echinacea angustifolia, Acalypha indica, Alchemilla vulgaris, and Vernonia guineensis on Strains of Salmonella typhi
Journal Title: Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences - Year 2018, Vol 4, Issue 10
Abstract
Traditional medicine is the oldest form of health care system that has stood the test of time. The African continent holds an enormous resource in terms of floral biodiversity and its medicinal plants have remained a main reservoir of phytochemicals for pharmaceutical drug development. Plants used for traditional medicine contain a wide range of substances that can be used to treat chronic as well as acute infectious diseases. In Cameroon, many plant species are used as traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases, and several interesting openings have originated for further inquiry following in vitro antimicrobial activity evaluation. Typhoid fever is a systemic infection transmitted through food and water contaminated with human feces. Its causative agent, Salmonella, is a primary cause of food poisoning worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of methanol fractions of five mixtures of Cameroonian medicinal plants, Enantia chlorantha, Echinacea angustifolia, Acalypha indica, Alchemilla vulgaris, and Vernonia guineensis on strains of Salmonella typhi, thus bringing out the importance of considering Traditional medicine as an important aspect of health care delivery system in Africa. The general objective was to show the efficiency and potency profile with which Enantia chlorantha bark, Echinacea angustifolia plant, A.indica leaves, Alchemilla vulgaris plant, and Vernonia guineensis have on strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhi, first as individual extracts, then as a recipe mixture, thereby demonstrating the possible use of this mixture in the effective treatment of typhoid fever. The specific objectives was: 1) To do a phytochemical screening that will permit the identification of the plants phytochemical components, 2) To prepare individual methanol extracts of each of the plants used in the composition of the typhoid treatment mixture, and use each of these extracts to test for antimicrobial activity on salmonella typhi serotypes, and then test for any antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of the entire mixture of all possible combinations of all the plants and come up with possible results observed. Antibacterial assay shows us that while having antibacterial effect separately, the plants used in our recipe have a much more potent activity when associated together, and we can notice that there is an additive effect. With all the parameters put in place, we, rather than selecting either E24 or E25 as our most potent extract, decided to bring out, as our most potent extract, E30, containing the mixture of all the plant extracts (E. angustifolia, A. vulgaris, A. indica , V. guineensis and A. affinis), in its right proportion, with each plant having a role to play, and with an MBC/MIC value of 0.09.
Authors and Affiliations
Etame Loe Gisèle, Dibong Siegfried Didier, Yekwa Wiyeh Lauretta, Fannang Simone Veronique, Boudjeka Nguemkam Vanessa, Ngene Jean- Pierre
Keywords
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