Isoflurane and Ketamine/Xylazine Anesthesia do not Influence the Neuroprotective Effects of Simvastatin in a Model of Permanent Cerebral Ischemic Injury in C57BL/6J Mice
Journal Title: Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research - Year 2015, Vol 10, Issue 12
Abstract
Laboratory mice with Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) represent the main animal models for ischemic stroke research. Appropriate anesthetic protocols are essential, as anesthetic agents might affect the central nervous system (CNS) and therefore interfere with the outcome of pre-clinical ischemic stroke studies. In the present study we sought to investigate whether isoflurane, a widely used inhalational anesthetic, has any effect on MCAO mice pretreated with simvastatin, a well-known neuroprotective compound, compared with the administration of injectable ketamine/xylazine combination. Forty adult C57Bl/6J mice randomly allocated into four groups underwent ischemic injury by permanent coagulation of the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA): Group A (n=11) animals were anesthetized with ketamine/xylazine, Group B (n=9) with isoflurane, Group C (n=9) with ketamine/xylazine after pretreatment with simvastatin 2h before permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (pMCAO) and Group D (n=11) with isoflurane after similar pretreatment with simvastatin. The potential neuroprotective effect of the anesthetics was evaluated in terms of brain infarct volumes and neuron death. No significant differences, both quantitatively and qualitatively, were detected in brain lesions measured up to 7 days after pMCAO when comparing isoflurane inhalational anesthesia to ketamine/xylazine injectable anesthesia. Group C mice (simvastatin-treated ketamine/xylazine) had a significantly reduced brain infarct volume compared to Group A mice (non-simvastatin ketamine/xylazine) (P<.0005). Similarly Group D mice (simvastatin-treated isoflurane) had a significantly reduced brain infarct volume compared to Group B mice (non-simvastatin isoflurane) (P<.0005). No difference between morphology and number of apoptotic neurons was detected due to the two different anesthetic regimens. These results demonstrated the safe use of the established anesthetic agent isoflurane in mice where simvastatin is investigated as a neuroprotective compound.
Authors and Affiliations
Maria Linou, Era Taoufik, Georgios Kazakos, Efstathios Boviatsis, Lila Papadimitriou, Ismene A. Dontas
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP348140
- DOI 10.9734/BJMMR/2015/19288
- Views 54
- Downloads 0
Efficacy of Long-term Effect and Repeat Intraarticular Botulinum toxin in Patients with Painful Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Study
Objective: Based on recent success of intra-articular (IA) Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A; OnabotulinumtoxinA) in patients with osteoarthritis, we examined if repeat IA-BoNT/A is an effective antinociceptive in pat...
The Prevalence of the Carabelli Trait in Selected Nepalese Population
Aims: The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and degree of expression of the carabelli trait in the permanent first and second maxillary molars in a selected Nepalese population residing in Madi village...
A Rare Cause of Recurrent Epistaxis: Lobular Capillary Haemangioma
Nasal lobular capillary haemangiomata are rare benign nasal tumours of vascular origin and unknown etiology. They tend to occur in both sexes depending on the age group. They usually present with unilateral nasal obstruc...
Role of Doppler Navigation in Minimally Invasive Procedures under Ultrasound Guidance
Aim: To highlight the possibilities of Doppler methods to optimize navigation and control of percutaneous echo-controlled minimally invasive interventions. Study Design: 25,543 diagnostic and therapeutic minimally invasi...
Dose-dependent Modulation of Lipid Parameters, Cytokines and RNA by -tocotrienol in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects Restricted to AHA Step-1 Diet
Aims: Evaluate the consumption of -tocotrienol (free from tocopherols) on serum lipid parameters, and several cytokines (TNF-, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), including gene expression and circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in h...