Lead Toxicity and Postnatal Development of Gastrointestinal Tract
Journal Title: Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology - Year 2014, Vol 4, Issue 3
Abstract
The present review deals with the maternal transfer of lead through the placenta during pregnancy and its deleterious effects on developing gastrointestinal tract. Exposure to lead is more dangerous for young and unborn children. It is well known that lead passes through the placenta of mother to fetus and accumulates in fetal tissues during gestation and it can be obtained through the milk during lactation .Lead may be released from maternal bone reserves during pregnancy and thus it becomes a major source of intoxication for the fetus. Prenatal exposure to low lead levels may increase the risk of reduced birth weight and premature birth. Lead is poorly absorbed from the GI tract; however, toxic effects can result from the relatively small amount of lead that is absorbed. There have been very few studies designed to evaluate consequences of lead toxicity during developmental stages, although this is the most sensitive period. The absorption of lead is influenced by many factors such as chemical form of the lead, diet, presence of food in GI tract, calcium status, vitamin D and iron. The mechanisms by which these interactions occur and induce histopathological changes in developing fetus are not fully understood. This reflects a lack of understanding of the mechanism by which lead is absorbed in the GI tract of mother and influence the developing fetus during gestation and lactation. Although threshold levels have been derived from the animal data, factors such as size, relative difference in consumption in proportion to size especially during infancy, and variable histopathological changes in GI tract are not well investigated during different developmental stages.
Authors and Affiliations
Ragini Sharma and Isha Barber
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP31883
- DOI -
- Views 359
- Downloads 1
Extraction and Dyeing Behavior of Pomegranate dye on Tencel Fabric
Application of natural dyes for textile is increasing due to the awareness of ecology, environment and pollution control. The objective of this study is to dye Tencel fabric with pomegranate peel natural dye for compara...
Supply Chain Management as a Tool for Collection and Disposal of Organic Waste in Pune
Supply Chain Management has become essential component of corporate management strategy. The technique may be applied to collection, segregation, processing and disposal of organic waste in a city. Present paper attemp...
Potassium Releasing Capacity in Some Soils of Anantnag District of Kashmir
The potassium releasing capacity of fifteen soil samples of Anantnag district of Kashmir were assessed by using five chemical extractants. The decreasing order of potassium release by the different chemical extractants...
Some Observation on Dray Building and Jumping Behavior of Indian Giant Squirrel Ratufa Indica (Erxleben, 1777)
The ability of arboreal forms to leap from great heights without harm is valuable adaptation to life high above the ground surface (Koli et al., 2011). Tree squirrel commonly occupy nests to avoid predators and rear...
Solid Waste Pollution and Collection in Scrap Houses of Nanded, Maharashtra (India)
The present study was conducted on the leachate and groundwater samples collected from the Valmikinagar dumpsite and the solid waste collected from the scrap houses of Nanded city. The study examines basic characterist...