Molybdenum Cofactor Biology and Disorders Related to Its Deficiency; A Review Study
Journal Title: Journal of Nutrition and Food Security - Year 2019, Vol 4, Issue 3
Abstract
Background: Molybden, as a vital and essential micronutrient is directly involved in the metabolism of other elements including carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen. Molybdenum alone is not biologically active unless it binds to specific cofactors. Except for the bacterial nitrogenase, which contains molybdenum-Iron complex, molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is considered as the bioactive component placed in active site regions of molybdenum-containing enzymes. This review aimed to discuss the biological mechanisms involved in molybdenum metabolism highlighting Molybdenum cofactor deficiencies. Methods: Articles indexed in Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases were used to extract the required information. Results: Moco, as the cofactor of sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrite reductase plays a substantial role in maintaining normal body homeostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Lack of Moco is found to be associated with many inborn genetic disorders, such as mental retardation, brain immaturity, nervous shocks, and neurodegenerative diseases. Conclusion: Moco insufficiency compromises normal human body metabolism since it is reported to regulate the metabolic pathways of other elements. Although in recent years, substitution- and gene-therapies have been introduced to restore the metabolic pathways of patients with MoCD type A and B, the definitive treatment for this type of inborn disease has still remained ill-defined. More investigations are needed to completely understand the underlying pathophysiology of molybdenum-related diseases.
Authors and Affiliations
Navid Ghasemzadeh, Elham Karimi-Nazari, Fatemeh Yaghoubi, Sadegh Zarei, Javad Zavar Reza, Saman Sargazi
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP610678
- DOI -
- Views 107
- Downloads 0
Evaluation of Iranian Household's Diet in terms of Calcium and Iron Density in the Seven Provinces of Iran
Background: Imbalanced diet, as it may cause micronutrient malnutrition has been known as a causal factor for several chronic diseases. Several studies in Iran have shown that some micro-nutrient deficiencies are prevale...
Royal Jelly Decreases Blood Pressure, Serum Glucose, and Interleukin-6 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on an Iso-caloric Diet
Background: Royal Jelly (RJ) is a mixture of protein, glucose, lipid, vitamins, and minerals that is widely used as a commercial medical product. Previous studies have shown that RJ has physiological effects such as anti...
Does Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Have Beneficial Effects on Plasma Homocysteine, Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profile of Type 2 Diabetic Patients? A Randomized Clinical Trial
Background: This study was conducted to determine the effects of n-3 PUFAs supplementation on plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level, lipid profile and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: This st...
Dietary Proteins, Developmental Programming, and Potential Implication in Maternal Obesity
Background: Proteins are known mainly based on their metabolic and nutritional functions including protein synthesis and a source of energy. In spite of various physiological properties attributed to proteins, their func...
The Effect of Oat Bran Supplement on Fasting Blood Sugar and Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Single-blind Randomized Clinical Trial
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is known as a degree of glucose intolerance that occurs for the first time during pregnancy. There is paucity of evidence regarding the effect of oat bran on GDM. Oat as a...