MOTIVATION OF EMPLOYEES AS A FACTOR OF IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Journal Title: Інноваційна економіка - Year 2017, Vol 72, Issue 11
Abstract
Purpose. The aim of the article is to research of existing scientific approaches to the essence of the concept of "motivation" and the justification of the system of the most important motivational factors in the management of personnel at agricultural enterprises, which can provide an increase in the efficiency of their functioning. Methodology of research. The paper uses general scientific and specific methods of research, namely: analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction, sociological questioning, grouping. Findings. According to the results of the study, all scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "motivation" can be divided into 3 groups. The first scientific approach to understanding the concept of "motivation" covers those authors who believe that motivation is a set of stimulating factors that encourage the employee to work. That is, in the first approach motivation is identified with external influence on a person with the help of certain incentives. The second scientific approach to the interpretation of the essence of the definition of "motivation" covers those authors who understand by this term the process of the internal motivation of a person to work. That is, according to this approach, the notion of "stimulation" is highlighted. It has signs of external action of the manager on the employee, and "motivation", which is characterized by the internal psycho-emotional state of a person’s attitude to work. The third scientific approach covers those authors who characterize the concept of "motivation" with two definitions at once, one of which corresponds to the first approach, and the other to the second one. We agree with this approach, because we believe that motivation is a dynamic process of psychological and emotional attitude of a person towards effective achievement of the tasks set before him, which is formed on the basis of certain motives and incentives. Motivation is the result of a combination of the influence of external and internal factors of motivation to work. Accordingly, it is necessary to allocate two types of motivation: internal and external. Internal motivation is a person’s desire (inducement) to perform certain actions in order to achieve the goal. External motivation is to encourage someone else to take action. It is established that internal motivation is much more important in the process of motivation, which is explained by the fact that in the process of hiring the advantage is given to young, active, internally motivated people. Internal motivation has a much higher effect in the process of achieving certain tasks. Therefore, it needs to be supported and developed. For this, factors of external motivation can be applied. Originality. The classification of scientific approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of "motivation" is developed. The definition of this category is substantiated. The influence of external and internal motivation on efficiency of activity of agricultural enterprises is substantiated. Practical value. According to the results of sociological research, the main motivational factors for employees are place and working conditions; wage level; the possibility of career growth; communication in the team; favorable social conditions; psychological climate in the team. The survey found that additional rewards are the most important motivational factor. It is suggested to develop a specific complex mechanism of motivation of employees on the basis of the investigated motivational factors.
Authors and Affiliations
Myroslava Poliuk
Keywords
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