Multiple Effects of Hypothyroidism on Bone Mineral Density and Its Association with Vitamin D, Serum Calcium: A Cross-sectional Study
Journal Title: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY - Year 2017, Vol 5, Issue 6
Abstract
Introduction: Hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders worldwide. Thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) directly affects the remodeling of bone through TSH receptor found on osteoblast and osteoclast precursor cells. The physiological variation of thyroid hormones is associated with changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and nonvertebral fracture risk in healthy postmenopausal women. Material and Methods: The study population included 94 females suffering from hypothyroidism and 75 healthy female subjects of 20-60 years age group. Thyroid function test including serum total triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and TSH was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Serum calcium level was measured by Arsenazo III Method. Whereas, Vitamin D was estimated by ELISA method. BMD was measured by dual electron X-ray absorptiometry at the femoral neck. Results: Results of the present study revealed that serum calcium level of Group I hypothyroid female patients was significantly low in comparison to Group II control female subjects (P < 0.0001). Vitamin D was significantly low in hypothyroid female patients in comparison of euthyroid female subjects (24.31 ± 13.41 ng/dl vs. 42.79 ± 9.67 ng/dl, P < 0.0001). Further, BMD in hypothyroid female patients was significantly high in comparison of euthyroid female subjects (−0.97 ± 0.22 g/cm2 vs. -1.06 ± 0.34 g/cm2, P < 0.04). X-ray of both group participants showed an insignificant difference in a long bone (femur). Conclusion: Findings of the present study suggest thyroid hormones play an important role in strengthening and remodeling of bones as decreased thyroid hormones are associated with a decrease in serum calcium and Vitamin D. Further, increased BMD in hypothyroid patients induces stiffness of bones which further increases the risk of fracture. Moreover, present research suggests that serum calcium, Vitamin D and BMD should be investigated to prevent the risk of fracture in hypothyroid patients.
Authors and Affiliations
Supriti Bhatnagar, R K Srivastva, Shereen Jahan, Rahul Ranjan
Keywords
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