Natural regeneration of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in the forests on the north megaslope of Ukrainian Carpathians
Journal Title: Лісівництво і агролісомеліорація - Year 2014, Vol 125, Issue
Abstract
Introduction The problem of quantitative analysis of the process of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) regeneration in Ukrainian Carpathians has been studied by scientists for a long time. Causal relationships have often been established on the basis of limited empirical input data or intuitive assumptions. Sometimes, they had a narrow territorial binding and concerned only certain areas. Methods and objects of the study A complex of statistical tools, such as correlation, variance, and regression analysis was used. The study was conducted on 49 experimental plots in stands of seven mountain state forest enterprises of the Chernivtsi and Ivano-Frankivsk regions. They represent six forest types in three types of site conditions on hypsometric levels from 750 to 1280 m above the sea level and slopes of all exposures, with gradients from 15 to 40°. The stands of medium stand density (0.6-0.7) predominate. Fluctuations of stands age are from 60 to 290 years. Results of the study Undergrowth of forest tree species under the tent of stands was present at 48 of 49 sites. Number of undergrowth varies from 1600 to 153000 pcs/ha. In most stands, its total number does not exceed 40 thousand pcs/ha. The undergrowth is dominated by the Norway spruce. However, there are many stands, dominated by other tree species, such as European beech (15 plots) and silver fir (4 sites). The amplitude of the number of undergrowth of the European spruce in the studied stands is also quite broad. Minimum number of spruce undergrowth is 640 pcs/ha and maximum number is 38,290 pcs/ha. On the majority of plots, the number of spruce undergrowth does not exceed 10,000 pcs/ha. The average number of negative correlation between the height above the sea level (HASL) and the number of undergrowth under the tent of stands was found to be -0,340. That is, the total number of undergrowth decreases with the increase of the hypsometric level. At the same time, occurrence and the number of spruce undergrowth increases to some extent. Correlation analysis confirmed the natural law of simplification of species composition of spruce forests with the increase of HASL (r = 0,325). That is, the proportion of spruce in the composition of stands gradually increases. The number of spruce undergrowth and uniformity of distribution of undergrowth under a tent moderately correlate with the completeness of stands (r = -0,364 and r = -0,286, respectively). Moderate level of correlation is observed between the proportion of spruce in a stand and a number of its regeneration under a tent (r = 0,342). Significant correlation coefficients, revealed between the studied parameters, indicate a linear relationship between them. A number of single- and multi-factor regression models were built using regression analyses that comprehensively describe the causal relationships in the phenomenon of natural regeneration of the Norway spruce stands under a tent on the northeast megaslope of the Ukrainian Carpathians. To identify the impact of quality parameters on the process of natural regeneration of the Norway spruce under a tent of pure and mixed stands, ANOVA tools were used. The exposure of slopes, type of site conditions and growth class of the parent stands were used as predictors (categorical variables). The analysis revealed significant effect of the type of habitat conditions on occurrence of regeneration of spruce stands under a tent. The impact of such site conditions and the growth class of parent stands on the number of regeneration of spruce was noticeable, but not statistically significant. Key words: spruce, forest stand, natural regeneration, quantitative analysis, quality parameters.
Authors and Affiliations
V. D. Hudyma, Yu. I. Hayda, V. M. Hudyma, R. Yatsyk
Keywords
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