Odgovornost pravnih lica za sva ili samo za određena krivična djela? - Responsibility of Legal Entities for all or for Certain Criminal Acts?
Journal Title: Godisnjak Fakulteta pravnih nauka - Year 2016, Vol 6, Issue 6
Abstract
Court practice and illustrative examples of the legislator’s negligence in passing the appropriate laws and bylaws provisions point that, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the most acceptable would be separation of the criminal acts of legal entities, according to the legislative model of the Republic of Macedonia. Namely, the Republic of Macedonia has not passed a special law on criminal responsibility of legal entities, since the provisions on criminal responsibility (lex specialis) are included as a special chapter of the criminal law and are applied primarily, while the general provisions of the criminal law are applied only in cases not stipulated by the special provisions. Thus in the Special Part of the Criminal Code, along with the legal description, within certain criminal acts it is emphasized that a legal entity may be held responsible for the particular criminal act. Given that, in Bosnia and Herzegovina it would also be possible to determine (separate) criminal acts of a legal entity. The advantage of such solution lies in the fact that it is very simple in the technical sense since, on the occasion of passing amendments and alterations of the special part of the criminal law, no additional interventions shall be required in the criminal law or in the substantial legislation. Pravila materijalnog krivičnog zakonodavstva konstruisana su prvenstveno za fizička lica kao učinioce krivičnih djela. Ostvarenje bitnih obilježja krivičnih djela iz određenih grupa, naročito djela protiv polnog integriteta, braka i porodice, takođe je usko vezano za osobine fizičkih lica. Uz to treba napomenuti kako nam jednostavna logika govori kako je teško pronaći racionalne argumente koji bi išli u prilog tezi da pravno lice može imati bilo kakav interes za izvršenje većine krivičnih djela iz navedenih grupa. Stoga uspostavljanje kauzalne veze između izvršenja npr. silovanja ili sličnih krivičnih djela i djelovanja pravnog lica, postaje prilično problematično. Prethodno navedeno predstavlja samo dio dilema u vezi sa izborom između mogućnosti uspostavljanja odgovornosti pravnog lica za samo određena krivična djela ili za sva krivična djela propisana u zakonodavstvu jedne zemlje. Dakle, notorna činjenica da se pravno lice po svojim osobinama bitno razlikuje od fizičkog lica i okolnost da na pravno lice nije moguće doslovno primijeniti sve odredbe materijalnog krivičnog zakonodavstva, same po sebi otvaraju pitanje: Da li je racionalno propisati da pravno lice može odgovarati za sva krivična djela? Ukoliko odgovor na pitanje bude pozitivan, može se postaviti još i sljedeće: Da li se za sva djela propisana u krivičnom zakonodavstvu jedne zemlje može uspostaviti osnov odgovornost pravnog lica? U ovom radu pokušaćemo argumentovano odgovoriti na postavljena pitanja.
Authors and Affiliations
Miodrag Bukarica
Keywords
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- DOI 10.7251/GFP16246B
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