ОСЯГНЕННЯ ФЕНОМЕНА ІДЕАЛУ У ТВОРЧОСТІ Е.В. ІЛЬЄНКОВА: ФІЛОСОФСЬКИЙ АНАЛІЗ
Journal Title: Гуманітарний часопис - Year 2016, Vol 1, Issue 3
Abstract
Chorna Lidiya PHENOMENON OF IDEAL COMPREHENSION IN SCIENTIFIC WORK BY EVALD ILIENKOV: PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS The article analyses the phenomenon of Ideal as value reference in human development considered through the views of the famous philosopher Evald Ilienkov. In the result of the analysis the role of Ideal as a sense-creating factor of social orientations is explicated. Despite the fact that most of the theoretical developments of the Soviet period were clearly regulated and were carried out in rigid ideological framework, the understanding of Ideal by the Soviet philosopher Evald Ilienkov is valuable due to his brilliant scientific analysis. Thus, to get a comprehensive understanding of the concept "Ideal" we should not renounce the experience of talented theoreticians and practitioners of the Soviet past. After all, no single philosophical current has to be "cut" from the history only because of its inconvenience for the modern world view. The purpose of the article is to study peculiarities of forming and filling this concept with meaning during certain social development stages in the light of works by Ilienkov. Theoretical comprehension of the concept "Ideal" given by well-known thinkers of different philosophical schools is analysed. The article shows that E. Ilyenkov reveals, above all, the essence of religious Ideal. He considers God as a perfectly poetic model of the ideal man, as a highest goal for human self-improvement. The philosopher supposes that religion (Christianity) has created a perceptible and comprehensible pattern of human perfection in the image of God. Since God understanding is too versatile, and the human mind is limited and subjective, Kant admitted that someone's relative vision (understanding) of God couldn’t be defined as a standard or the ideal model that might be an external exemplar to other people. Indeed, in this case there is a threat of abuse by so-called intermediaries between man and God, since they will not just interpret His image, but also they can incite to behaviour according to their own vision. Thus, Kant offered his "categorical imperative" as the word of conscience, of human spirit that should be fully consistent with the moral norms of society. Sharing Hegel`s opinion Ilienkov believed that history facts proved that the "categorical imperative" was not that very Ideal towards which civilization and culture were developing, but, on the contrary, culture evolved through internal contradictions. The article stresses the Ilienkov’s conclusions concerning Karl Marx’s views to the issue of Ideal. Thus, Marx initially defended private property. He denied the communist ideal capability, because according to its principles state could imperatively guide the actions of every individual and interfere in everybody`s life. Gradually, however, Marx`s criticism of communistic ideas turned into a critical analysis of the conditions in which they were born. And in the end it transformed into private property. Moreover, Marx decided that real needs of society caused by conditions of industrialism embodied in the form of communism. So, in the light of philosophical analysis provided by Evald Ilienkov we can conclude that the understanding of Ideal was transforming from its theoretical comprehension to its practical implementation. Ideal gradually ceases to be interpreted as internal or external, directed to the past or to the future. Necessity of better social order embodiment in a short time has become a priority for ideologists and then for the society. Comprehension of incomprehensible Ideal came to its projection on man: man “partial” or “total” – that was the choice for future social development. And as a measure of all things there has become a multi-disciplinary person (“totally-developed individual”) that had to be understood not only by the peculiarities of one’s profession, but also fully participate in the political life of society. To sum up, it should be noted that provided each member of the society follows his/ her "categorical imperative" (which is the same for everyone, since it consists of moral values and the voice of conscience) and regardless of social organization form, a kind of social order, form of government or political system, any group of people would be trying to approach perfection in its best manifestation. But, taking into account the dual structure of human consciousness and its manifestations, as well as the conditions of world order, it should be stated that it is hardly possible to achieve the Ideal in this life. So moving towards the Ideal achievement, we can only firmly crave for our selfdevelopment in accordance with the standards of honesty and decency.
Authors and Affiliations
Лідія Чорна
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