ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СЕЗОННИХ РИТМІВ РОЗВИТКУ ЛІСОВИХ ТРАВ
Journal Title: Питання біоіндикації та екології - Year 2015, Vol 20, Issue 2
Abstract
Plants of grass layer in forest ecosystems are characterized by a wide amplitude range of phenological rhythms, which is consistent with the high diversity of their functional and structural types. Five groups of plant species are distinguished by such important indicator as leaves vegetation. Forest grasses have even greater diversity in timing of flowering and fruiting. Features of the regional climate determine the composition of vegetation species, and the weather conditions cause plants to go through the stages of ontogenesis. The variability of the onset of seasonal phenomena and its regularities are the main subject of the study of phenology. Unfortunately, such observations are sparse nowadays. Modern studies in the sphere of plant phenology are carried out mainly to record the differences in phenological rhythms of different years with various weather conditions, as well as to demonstrate latitudinal offset of timing of the main phenophases. In this regard, we have set out to define the features of phenological rhythms of two forest grasses species (Aegopodium podagraria L., Asarum europaeum L.) within a small geographical region but with a difference in their growth in different types of phytocoenoses. The observations were carried out in the forest ecosystems of the National Nature Park “Desniansko-Starogutsky” and the adjacent territories. The comparison of phenological rhythms for A. podagraria was carried out in the associations of Quercetum coryloso-aegopodiosum, Querceto-Pinetum coryloso-aegopodiosum, Betuleto-Pinetum coryloso-aegopodiosum, and for A. europaeum – in the associations of Quercetum coryloso-asarosum, Pinetum coryloso-asarosum, Querceto-Pinetum asarosum. A. podagraria is a perennial long-rhizomatous polycarpic herbaceous plant, the population of which is well represented in the oak, mixed and aspen forests. The main factor of normal growth and development of A. роdаgrаrіа is adequate moisture supply, which was also recorded in the north-east of Ukraine. A vital strategy is of K-type. A. podagraria is an active competitor in respect of undergrowth of woody species. A. podagraria plants reproduce well vegetatively. This type of reproduction is dominant in forest ecosystems. According to the weather conditions of the year, the average time of flowering of A. podagraria in the conditions of the National Nature Park “Desniansko-Starogutsky” fell within the last ten days of June, and in the association of Querceto-Pinetumcoryloso-aegopodiosum occurred 1-2 days earlier compared to the association of Betuleto-Pinetumcoryloso-aegopodiosum. Asarum europaeum L. is a perennial polycarpic herbaceous plant, the populations of which often dominate in the lower layer of deciduous and mixed forests in the north-east of Ukraine. It is a characteristic companion of the oak. Asarum europaeum L. is a shade-tolerant plant. Its leaves have two peaks of photosynthesis: spring – before leaf flushing and autumn – at the end of growing season. In the conditions of the National Nature Park “Desniansko-Starogutsky”, the early flowering of this species during the survey period was in April (in May through an exception) and, compared with two other types of phytocenoses, occurred three days earlier in the association of Pinetum coryloso-asarosum. Flowering time in A. europaeum lasts 20 ± 3 days and, along with this, the pistillate flowering phase occurres during the first eight days, and staminate flowering phase on days 9–15. The early flowering of the studied species of forest grasses is determined by the weather conditions of the current year, and is associated with the time of heating of phytocenoses as an integrated ecosystem. Проведены исследования особенностей феноритмов двух видов лесных трав (Aegopodium podagraria L., Asarum europaeum L.) в пределах небольшого географического региона, в различных типах фитоценозов. Сравнение фенологических ритмов для Aegopodium podagraria осуществлялось в ассоциациях Quercetum coryloso-aegopodiosum, Querceto-Pinetum coryloso-aegopodiosum, Betuleto-Pinetum coryloso-aegopodiosum, а для Asarum europaeum – в ассоциациях Quercetum coryloso-asarosum, Pinetum coryloso-asarosum, Querceto-Pinetum asarosum. Начало цветения исследуемых видов лесных трав определяется погодными условиями текущего года и связано со сроками прогревания лесного фитоценоза как целостной экосистемы.
Authors and Affiliations
І. М. Коваленко І. M. Kovalenko
Keywords
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