Phytochemical and Antioxidant Assessments of Three Fractions from Methanol Extract of Spathodea campanulata Beauv. Leaves
Journal Title: Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research - Year 2017, Vol 3, Issue 1
Abstract
Aims: To screen hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions of the methanol extract of Spathodea campanulata leaves for secondary metabolites, to isolate and to characterize constituents of the ethyl acetate fraction using GC-MS and IR and to determine the antioxidant activities of the three fractions. Methodology: Methanol extract of Spathodea campanulata leaves was obtained by cold extraction, and partitioned into hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions. Phytochemical screenings of the fractions were carried out using standard procedures to identify the class of constituents present in each of them. Ethyl acetate fraction was subjected to column chromatographic separations by gradient elution, and isolates were TMS (Trimethylsilyl) derivatised and characterized by GC-MS (Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). Antioxidant content was also evaluated on the three fractions using 2, 2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging method. Percentage of inhibition and IC50 values were obtained for each fraction. Results: Phytochemical screenings revealed presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponin, resins, phenol, cardiac glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, anthraquinones and terpenoids in the three fractions in varying concentrations. Alkaloids, resins, phenol and cardiac glycosides were found to be intense in the three fractions while phylobatannin was found to be absent in all the three fractions. Three compounds isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction were characterized based on MS and IR spectral interpretations as palmitic acid, ethylamine and caffeic acid. Percentage of inhibition of the three fractions indicates that they have substantial antioxidant activity with the standards at high concentration of 250 to 1000 μg/mL. The hexane fraction has the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 178.46 μg/mL when compared to other fractions. Conclusion: This paper reports phytochemical constituents and high antioxidant activity (at concentrations of 250 μg/ mL and above) of the African tulip tree (Spathodea campanulata) when compared to the standards. This has not been earlier reported in literature, our results supports its wide ethno-medicinal applications.
Authors and Affiliations
Charles E. Umenwa, Emmanuel O Ojah, Dorcas O. Moronkola, Julius K. Adesanwo
Chemical Compositions of Dialium guineense Willd. Leaf, Stem-bark and Fruit Essential Oils
Aims: We report chemical composition of three essential oils from leaf, stem bark and fruit parts of Dialium guineense [Fabaceae], which we studied. D. guineense is a Nigerian fruity plant utilized widely in treatment of...
Survey of Ethnomedicinal Importance of Plants Used in the Managements of Diseases in Irepodun Ifelodun Local Government Area, Ado-Ekiti, Southwest, Nigeria
The use of plants in treating diseases traditionally was found to be part of culture of the inhabitants in the study area. It was shown that the greater number of respondents (61, 50.8%) preferred the use of herbs when c...
Bioactive Agents, Nutraceuticals Potentials, Phytochemistry, and Food Value of Emilia coccinea Leaf: A Review
Emilia coccinea (Sims) G. Don belongs to the family Asteraceae. The members of this family are largely woody herbs or shrubs, a few trees and climbing herbs. Emilia coccinea leaf extracts can play major roles by improvin...
Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder Suspension on the Pharmacokinetics of Amodiaquine in Rats
Aims: Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) is commonly used as food plant, food supplement and as medicine in most African countries. With increasing acceptance and use of M. oleifera as food and medicine, the possibility...
Phytochemical Analysis and Anticholinergic Properties of Methanol Leaf Extract of Arachis hypogea on Isolated Rabbit Jejunum
The acute toxicity and parasympatholytic properties of methanol extract of Arachis hypogea leaves were studied in vitro and in vivo. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, fat...