Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease by Fetal Echo
Journal Title: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY - Year 2018, Vol 5, Issue 10
Abstract
Background: Infant mortality rate in sick neonatal unit is on an increase. By subjecting antenatal mothers to fetal echo, congenital heart disease (CHD) of the fetuses can be screened earlier and the labor and further management of the fetus can be planned in tertiary care centre in coordination with cardiothoracic surgeons. Aim of the Study: This study aims to screen for CHD in utero by 4-chamber view. To pick up the major cardiac anomalies earlier and to counsel the parents accordingly. This will have indirect improvement in both maternal and fetal outcome and finally to reduce infant mortality rate. Materials and Methods: Antenatal mothers referred for fetal cardiac evaluation were subjected for transabdominal fetal echo evaluation. Gross anomalies which can be detected by 4-chamber views, aortic level short axis views, were arrived at such as ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), coarctation, and aortic stenosis Wipro GE Logiq 5 Echo machine with transducer frequency between 3.5 and 5 MHz. Observations and Results: Of the 450 maternal cases studied, 87 (20.4%) were high maternal risk cases and 3 (0.6%) had high-risk fetal factors. Of the above screened fetuses, 4 (0.9%) had echogenic focus in left ventricle, 1 (0.2%) had VSD, 1 (0.2%) had TOF, and 1 (0.2%) had bradycardia. Conclusions: Fetal echo evaluation is possible as a routine screening. High-risk maternal and fetal cases should undergo fetal echo evaluation. 4-chamber and 5-chamber views at least should be done to diagnose VSD/TOF and other major CHD. Incidence of fetal anomaly is 0.4/1000 according to our study and correlates with published data. Diagnosing CHD in fetal life will have its impact on fetal outcome and improvement in quality of care, both for the mother and the newborn. It gives mental satisfaction for the parent to know their fetal heart condition in utero itself. Early intervention after birth will prevent future complications of CHDs.
Authors and Affiliations
M Selvarani
Keywords
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