PSYCHOLOGICAL MANIPULATION IN INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION THROUGH THE PRISM OF SUBJECT-DEED APPROACH
Journal Title: Вісник Львівського університету. Серія психологічні науки - Year 2018, Vol 2, Issue
Abstract
The article focuses on the issues of psychological manipulation evaluation parameters in the interpersonal communication. Interaction of a person with environment reveals the character of such interaction, in particular its subject-object or subject-subject direction. Interpersonal communication can also be of different character which is determined by the interrelationships between participants. The essence of the interaction based on subjectobject principles lies in the fact that only one of the communication participants performs a full-fledged role of a subject, while the other partner has to perform the role of the object of influence, namely, manipulative influence on the part of the first partner. A defining point is devaluative attitude of the subject to the inner world of another person, his/her wishes and desires, his/her development and well-being. In general, subject-object interaction rejects personal agency of another person. On the contrary, subject-object interaction allows taking into account peculiarities of personalities of interaction subjects creating all the conditions for the self-realization of both parties. To study the moral aspect of manipulation, as hidden psychological influence, it was considered through the prism of deed-based approach elaborated by V. Romenets’, and later in future by his students and followers – Т. Kyrylenko, І. Manokha, V. Tatenko, Т. Tytarenko. Interpersonal communication can have the nature of an action and also that of a deed. In the first case the interaction is aimed at obtaining a certain result from using another individual as an object, while deed-based interaction means that the subjects achieve equal status of unique independent individualities. Thus, irrespective of the motivational direction of the subject of influence (egoism, altruism, alter-altruism), irrespective of situational circumstances, which are used by the manipulator to justify his/her actions, manipulative influence, as a type of hidden psychological influence, cannot be equaled to the deed-based action, as during this process personal agency of another person is challenged. However, it should be noted that strict dichotomy “approval-disapproval” of manipulative influence on a person cannot give a definite answer in real multi-factor situations,where certain compo- nents are evaluated in a different way. That is why in this material the idea lies in potential justification of manipulative interference (that is definitely not a synonym to approval, and, vice versa, stresses potential destruction of the hidden influence). The logic of moral justi- fication should be based on certain parameters that can be developed on the basis of subject and deed paradigm. The presented analysis of the manipulative interaction that is based on the key elements of the deed – situational, motivational, action and post-action, enables us to have a new evaluation of manipulation and shows prospects for further development of criteria of manipulative influence moral justification.
Authors and Affiliations
Наталя ГРЕБІНЬ
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