Quality Assessment of the Physical Characteristics and Chemical Composition (Proximate and Fibre Fractions) of Rice Straw Ensiled with Processed Soya bean Meal
Journal Title: IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) - Year 2018, Vol 11, Issue 9
Abstract
Background: Due to the fact that rice straw is available especially in the northern part of Nigeria, feeding only rice straw does not provide enough nutrients to the ruminant animals to maintain high production levels due to the low nutritive value of this highly lignified material. Therefore, ensiling rice straw with processed soybean meal will be helpful to improve the nutritive value of the straw for better nutrient intake and weight gain in animal feeding. The objectives of the study was to determine the quality addition of the physical characteristics and chemical composition of rice straw ensiled with processed soybean meal. Methods: The dried rice straw was chopped (2-3 cm length) using forage chopper to allow easy compaction. Five rubber plastic silos (One thousand litres capacity) were used in which 70% of the chopped rice straw was mixed up with 30% soybean meal each. Unprocessed soybean meal was designated as treatment A (control), 12hrs and 24hrs soaking of soybean meal in water serves as treatments B and C respectively. Roasting for 15 minutes of soybean meal serves as treatment D while cooking at 700C for 15 minutes serves as treatment E. Polythene sheets were also used inside the silos to ensure airtight condition.. Fifty (50) litres of water was sprinkled to each silo (Containing 70kg rice straw and 30kg soybean meal mixture). Silos were properly sealed to facilitate rapid fermentation under anaerobic condition. The ensiling process lasted 21 days. Results: The physical characteristics of the ensiled diets has shown that Diet A, B and C was light brown with pleasant aroma and rated as 2nd, while diet D and E were pale yellow with sweet aroma and rated as 3rd. The pH values for treatments A to E where 4.60, 4.63, 5.00, 4.83 and 4.49 respectively. The dry matter (DM) value was higher in treatment C (80%) and lower in treatment B (77.90%). Crude protein (CP) content values of the diets was higher in treatment C (12.60%) and lower in treatment D (11.88%). Crude fibre (CF) was higher in treatment C (32.47%) and lower in treatment B (31.60 %). EE was higher (3.47%) in treatment A and lower (2.91%) in treatment B. Ash content was high in treatment A( 9.60%). Nitrogen free extracts (NFE) value was high in treatment A (45.03).Acid detergent fibre (ADF) was high in treatment A (32.21%) and lower in treatment E (28.72%) while the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was high in treatment A (42.16%) and lower in treatment E (32.69%). Conclusion: Silages from a processed soya bean meal by soaking in water, boiling and heating (by optimizing the heating processes and protection of soybean meal protein) improved the pH, color and aroma and could be recommended for feeding sheep.
Authors and Affiliations
Umar B, Idris S, Ali S, bdullahi B. U, Aliyu, M. D
Keywords
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