Relationship between Gingivitis and Autism in Children: A Matched Case-control Study
Journal Title: Microbiology Research Journal International - Year 2015, Vol 7, Issue 4
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed in early childhood. Studies have shown that autistic children have poorer gingival health and hence chances of higher incidence of gingivitis may occur in autistic than non-autistic children. Gingivitis is characterized by gingival inflammation without loss of attachment due to continuous exposure to dental plaque. Studies on the gingival health of autistic children in Malaysia are lacking. Hence, this study aims to evaluate and compare the gingival health status of autistic and non-autistic children. Materials and Methods: A total of 86 children were recruited and an oral assessment was performed on each child to assess the degree of calculus, plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation using the calculus, plaque and gingival indices respectively. Pooled dental plaque (supragingival margins and gingival crevices of the buccal surface of the anterior maxillary molar and lingual of mandibular molar teeth) samples were collected and transferred to Stuart transport media. Samples were diluted and 100 µl aliquots were cultured on Columbia agar with 5% sheep blood. Plates were incubated in an anaerobic environment at 37ºC for 7 days. Colonies were Gram stained and examined for cellular morphology followed by indole and catalase test. Bacterial identification was done using the Rapid ID 32 A kit. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, Odds ratio and Spearman’s correlation analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: The prevalence of dental calculus was significantly elevated in the autistic group with 43 sample size in each group (p = 0.001). However, the prevalence of gingivitis and plaque were not significantly different between the two groups. The presence of plaque (p = 0.001) and calculus (p = 0.004) were significantly associated with the development of gingivitis. Conclusion: While the autistic children had significantly more calculus, the occurrence of gingivitis and plaque were similar between autistic and control groups. Measures to control dental plaque and calculus among the autistic children should be improved to prevent gingivitis.
Authors and Affiliations
Archana Singh Sikarwar, Abhishek Parolia, Fransazellea Anak Robert Runai, Ankur Barua
Keywords
Related Articles
- EP ID EP354852
- DOI 10.9734/BMRJ/2015/14108
- Views 98
- Downloads 0
Antibiotic Susceptibilities and Plasmid Profile of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase- producing Escherichia coli from Community Acquired Urinary Tract Infection at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Background: Globally, the emergence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli has been noted in community acquired strains as against the hospital acquired origin. This study was designed to a...
Level of Awareness of Hepatitis B Viral Infection among a Subset of Makurdi Community in Benue State, Nigeria
Background: The high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers worldwide coupled with complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma makes the disease a global health challenge. Aim: To...
P. pentosaceus Administration Attenuates the Severity of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis and Improve the Intestinal Permeability
Aims: To evaluate the effect of different doses of P. pentosaceus on colitis symptoms as well as in the intestinal barrier function in an in vivo model of acute ulcerative colitis induced with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS...
Prevalence of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in Adult Diarrhea Cases and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern
Introduction: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC), an important etiologic agent of diarrhea is a major public health problem in developing countries. Relatively few studies have reported the role of enteropathogenic E....
Phytochemical Study and Antimicrobial Activity of Bark Extracts of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (Bombacaceae) from Côte d’Ivoire on Antibiotic Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
One of the health problems in recent decades is the emergence of multi-antibiotic resistant bacteria. Among the solutions to this concern, the secondary metabolites of medicinal plants seem to be privileged. In this cont...