Rickettsioses in Latin America, Caribbean, Spain and Portugal
Journal Title: Revista MVZ Cordoba - Year 2011, Vol 16, Issue 2
Abstract
Data on genus and infectious by Rickettsia were retrospectively compiled from the critical review literature regarding all countries in Latin America, Caribbean islands, Portugal and Spain. We considered all Rickettsia records reported for human and/or animal hosts, and/or invertebrate hosts considered being the vector. In a few cases, when no direct detection of a given Rickettsia group or species was available for a given country, the serologic method was considered. A total of 13 Rickettsia species have been recorded in Latin America and the Caribbean. The species with the largest number of country confirmed records were Rickettsia felis (9 countries), R. prowazekii (7 countries), R. typhi (6 countries), R. rickettsii (6 countries), R. amblyommii (5 countries), and R. parkeri (4 countries). The rickettsial records for the Caribbean islands (West Indies) were grouped in only one geographical area. Both R. bellii, R. akari, and Candidatus ‘R. andeane’ have been recorded in only 2 countries each, whereas R. massiliae, R. rhipicephali, R.monteiroi, and R. africae have each been recorded in a single country (in this case, R. africae has been recorded in nine Caribbean Islands). For El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua, no specific Rickettsia has been reported so far, but there have been serological evidence of human or/and animal infection. The following countries remain without any rickettsial records: Belize, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, and Paraguay. In addition, except for a few islands, many Caribbean islands remain without records. A total of 12 Rickettsia species have been reported in Spain and Portugal: R. conorii, R. helvetica, R. monacensis, R. felis, R. slovaca, R. raoultii, R. sibirica, R. aeschlimannii, R. rioja, R. massiliae, R. typhi, and R. prowazekii. Amongst these Rickettsia species reported in Spain and Portugal, only R. prowazekii, R. typhi, R. felis, and R. massiliae have also been reported in Latin America. This study summarizes the current state of art on the rickettsial distribution in Latin America, Caribbean, Spain and Portugal. The data obtained allow a better understanding on rickettsial epidemiology and distribution of vector ecology.
Authors and Affiliations
Marcelo B. Labruna, Ph. D *| Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinhária e Zootecnia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Corresponding author: labruna@usp.br, Salim Mattar V, Ph. D| Universidad de Córdoba, Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas del Tropico, Monteria, Colombia., Santiago Nava, Ph. D| Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental, Agropecuaria Rafaela, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina., Sergio Bermudez, M. Sc| Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá., Jose M. Venzal, Ph. D| Universidad de la República de Uruguay. Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Parasitología Veterinaria, Regional Norte-Salto, Uruguay., Gaby Dolz, Ph. D| Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria. Heredia, Costa Rica., Katia Abarca, M. D| Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Medicina, Chile., Luis Romero, M. Sc| Laboratorio Central de Diagnóstico Veterinario, Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería (MAG), San Salvador, El Salvador., Rita de Sousa, Ph. D| Laboratorio de Saude Publica, Lisboa, Portugal., Jose Oteo, M. D| Hospital San Pedro, Área de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Logroño (La Rioja), España., Jorge Zavala-Castro, Ph. D| Universidad Autónoma de Yucatan. Centro de investigaciones regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Merida Yucatan, Mexico.
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