Role of probiotics in gut brain axis and management of neurodegenerative disorders
Journal Title: International Neuroscience Conference (NEURO-2023) - Year 2023, Vol 4, Issue 1
Abstract
Introduction: The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a complex mechanism between the gut and the brain that regulates several physiological functions like metabolism and immunity regulated by gut flora and hormones along with immunological molecules. Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide health benefits to the host and have been demonstrated in recent studies to alter the gut microbiota and improve gut-brain axis function. In this review, we will look at the role of probiotics in the GBA and their potential application in the management of neurodegenerative diseases. Probiotics can influence the gut microbiota by increasing the abundance of beneficial microbes while decreasing the amount of harmful germs. They can also create metabolites like short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin and dopamine), and cytokines that impact the gut-brain axis. Psychobiotics (such as Lactobacillus helveticus, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus casei, and others) are probiotic subsets developed mainly to improve cognitive performance and reduce inflammation while increasing brain plasticity. Methodology: This review paper's approach includes a thorough search of relevant literature on the subject. Careful analysis of various studies showed an association and correlation between the influence of probiotics in patients with neurological disorders while focusing on the improvement of their health and quality of life. Result: Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are neurodegenerative illnesses that cause a gradual loss of neurons in specific areas of the human brain. The use of probiotics and psychobiotics to treat neurodegenerative diseases has gained popularity in recent years. A study found that those with Alzheimer's disease who took a probiotic pill for twelve weeks improved their cognitive ability significantly more than those who got a placebo. Probiotics may also be used simultaneously with other therapies, such as dietary changes and drugs, to enhance outcomes in patients suffering from neurodegenerative illnesses. Conclusion: All in all, the gut-brain axis is potent in controlling neurological function. Inflammation is a paramount cause in the genesis and progression of neurodegenerative illnesses, and decreasing the inflammatory rates may decrease disease progression. Pro or psychobiotics considering their nutritional significance, have gained popularity in the management of neurodegenerative diseases due to their ability to improve cognitive function and reduce inflammation. Further analysis is necessary to understand how bacteria and their subpopulations may enhance the functioning of the gut-brain axis and develop effective treatment strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Authors and Affiliations
Singh H, Georgian National University SEU, Tbilisi, Georgia Gautam G, Georgian National University SEU, Tbilisi, Georgia Shengelia L, Georgian National University SEU, Tbilisi, Georgia
Keywords
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