Running systems of modern agricultural machinery
Journal Title: Наукові горизонти. Scientific Horizons - Year 2018, Vol 73, Issue 12
Abstract
Economic efficiency in modern agriculture predetermines the use of large, heavy equipment, which, in turn, can cause compaction not only of surface soil, but also of deeper subsurface soils. The problem is gradually becoming more acute and acquiring gigantic proportions. Regardless of the type of soil - black or sandy - imperfect agrotechnologies become the cause of over-compaction. Due to the increase in density and, consequently, the hardness of the soil, the level of vital activity of the microflora of the fertile soil layer decreases, significantly affecting crop losses by about 20-30%. In addition, because of soil re-compaction, fuel over-consumption increases by 10–15%. It has been established that after the passage of heavy wheeled and tracked vehicles, the structure of the soil changes: the number of lumps larger than 10 mm increases by 15-20%. Such a change in structure occurs at a depth of 30-60 cm (depending on the weight of the tractor, the multiplicity of passes along one track, the type and condition of the soil). In addition, the number of particles less than 0.25 mm increases dramatically, that is, the soil is sprayed after the passage of machinery. Wheel passes of heavy machine-tractor units on the loosened and moist soil are especially unfavorable. Destroyed soil structure is not fully restored even during the year, because of which highly compacted soil degrades over time. Intensive farming leads to an increase in the number of passes associated with the operation of machine-tractor units in the field. During the operation of the machine-tractor units, the contact interaction of the propeller with the ground occurs. During the interaction, deformation and compaction of the soil is observed, which negatively affects the change in its structure. To reduce the negative impact on the soil, it is necessary to make the right choice of undercarriage systems and their operating modes, depending on the relevant soil conditions and the layout of the machine and tractor units. The analysis of the main trends in the development of engines of machine-tractor units, analyzed the constructive directions of development of modern suspension systems, identified the advantages and disadvantages.
Authors and Affiliations
V. Achkevych, S. Chuba
Keywords
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- EP ID EP631803
- DOI 10.33249/2663-2144-2018-73-12-74-80
- Views 63
- Downloads 0
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