SPEED OF MOVEMENT RESPONSE AND PROBABILISTIC PROGNOSIS
Journal Title: Antropomotoryka. Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences - Year 2007, Vol 17, Issue 40
Abstract
The basic Author’s premise results from N.A. Bernstein’s theory, who introduced the notion of „model of desired future” in the frames of his physiology of activity. The fundamental process associated with the creation of such model is probabilistic prognosis (anticipation), i.e. creation of system of imagination of future events, considering the probability of their occurrence. The Author points to the fact that reaction to the event which already arose (response with feedback only) would be too slowly, both in sport and in daily life. So, it is necessary to apply such mechanism of motor behaviour control which assures the desired efficacy. Its main factors are accuracyand speed of motor response. The requirements of accuracy and speed are contradictory, and the compromise enabling their reconciliation needs the probabilistic prognosis. When the probability of occurring of anticipated event is lower than 1.0, (there is no full certainty of its occurrence), the ensuring of necessary speed may cause the lowering of response accuracy. The results of presented experiments show the influence of various factors on the speed of motor response. The analysed factors were: probability of occurrence of given signal and probability of its anticipation, accuracy of perception of a visual signal, anticipation of a signal and anticipation of a response, preliminary preparation to a given motor response, locality of a preliminary preparation to a given motor response, and influence of importance of a stimulus on speed of motor reaction. The Author with his co-workers proved that main factor influencing the speed of a sensorimotor response is not a frequency of occurrence of a given stimulus, but probability of its anticipation. Very important factor is also preliminary preparation (arrangement) for performing a given sensorimotor response.
Authors and Affiliations
Josif Moisiejewicz Fejgenberg , przekład (translation): Wacław Petryński
Keywords
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